t - .r 
ibar ply fawed ; they are of a deep green colour, and 
have a pleafant grateful odouf The ftalks divide 
near the top into three or four branches which Hand 
erect, and are terminated by umbels of naked yellow 
flowers, compofed of many florets, which are in- 
cluded in hemifpherical fcaly empalements. Thefe 
appear in July, and are fucceeded by feeds which ripen 
in September. 
There are three farietifes of this, one with a curled 
leaf, which is titled Double Tan fey by gardeners; 
another with variegated leaves, and a third with 
larger leaves which have little fcent; but, as thefe 
have accidentally been produced from feeds of the 
common Tanfey, they are not enumerated as diftinft 
This fort is eafily propagated by the creeping roots, 
which, if permitted to remain undifturbed, will in 
a fhort time overfpread the ground where they are 
permitted to grow •, fo that wherever this is planted in 
a garden, the flips fhould be placed at leaft a foot 
afunder, and in particular beds, where the paths round 
them may be often dug, to keep their roots within 
bounds. They may be tranfplanted either in fpring 
or autumn, and will thrive in almoft any foil or fitu- 
ation. 
The common Tanfey is greatly ufed in the kitchen 
early in the fpring ;■ at which feafon, that which is in 
the open ground, or efpecially in a cold fituation, is 
hardly forward enough to cut, fo that where this is 
much wanted at that feafon, it is the belt way to make 
a gentle hot-bed in December, and plant the old roots 
thereon without parting them, and arch the bed 
over with hoops, to cover it with mats in cold wea- 
ther, by which method the Tanfey will came up in 
January, and be fit to cut in a fhort time after. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Siberia ; this has a 
perennial fibrous root •, the ftalks rife more than two 
feet high •, the leaves are narrow and winged ; the lobes 
are very narrow, and end in two or three points which 
are entire ; the flowers are produced in fmall thin um- 
bels from the fide, and at the top of the (talk ; they 
are yellow and but fmall, the umbels having few 
flowers in each. This flowers in June and July, and 
the feeds ripen in autumn : it may be propagated in 
the fame way as the firft. 
The third fort grows naturally in the fouth of France 
and Italy, but is here planted in gardens, and was 
formerly pretty much ufed in the kitchen, and alfo in 
medicine. The roots of this are hardy, flelhy, and 
creep in the ground ; the lower leaves are oval and 
entire ; they are near three inches long, and one inch 
and a half broad, fawed on their edges, of a grayifh 
colour, and have long foot-ftalks. The ftalks rife 
from two to three feet high, and fend out branches 
from the fide •, they are garnilhed with oval fawed 
leaves like thofe at the bottom, but fmaller, and fit 
clofe to the ftalk. The flowers are produced at the 
the top of the ftalks in a loofe corymbus •, they are 
naked, and of a deep yellow colour ; thefe appear in 
Auo-uft, but are not fucceeded by feeds in England. 
The whole plant has a foft pleafant odour. 
It is propagated eafily by parting of their roots : 
the beft time for this is in autumn, that they may be 
well eftablifhed in the ground before fpring. Where 
this plant is cultivated for ufe, the plants fhould be 
planted in beds at two feet difiance every way, that 
they may have room to grow ; for in two years the 
roots will meet, fo every other year they fhould be 
tranfplanted and parted to keep them within compafs ; 
they will thrive in almoft any foil or fituation, but 
will continue longeft in dry land. 
The fourth fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope ; this rifes with a fhrubby ftalk eight or ten 
feet high, fending out branches on every fide the 
whole fength, which are garnilhed with wing-pointed 
leaves, whofe fegments are fpear-lhaped, entire, and 
blunt-pointed. The flowers are produced in fmall 
roundilh bunches at the end of the branches ; they 
are of a fulphur colour, and appear in May, but there 
TAN 
is a fucceffion of flowers on the fame plant great part 
of fummer. The feeds rarely ripen in England. 
The fifth fort was brought from the Cape of Good 
Hope, where it grows naturally this rifes with a 
branching fhrubby ftalk three or four feet high, p-ar- 
riiftied with wing-pointed leaves whofe lobes are very 
narrow, and frequently cut into acute fegmentp The 
flowers are produced in fmall roundiin bunches at the 
end of the branches ; they are large* than thofe of the 
former fort, and are of a bright yello# colour. It 
flowers about the fame time with the former. 
The fixth fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope •, this has i thick fhrubby ftalk, covered with 
a gray. bark, which rifes feven or eight feet high, fend- 
ing out many branches on every fide, which are clofelv 
garnilhed with linear-winged leaves, whofe lobes or 
pinnte are very narrow, arid fpread from each other. 
The leaves fit clofe to the ftalks on every fide ; the 
branches are terminated by clofe, large, roundilh 
bunches of bright yellow flowers. Some of the foot- 
ftalks fuftain but one, others two, three, or four 
flowers upon each, which begin to appear the begin- 
ning of July, and there is a fucceffion of them on the 
fame plants till late in autumn ; and thofe which come 
early in the feafon, will be fucceeded by feeds which 
ripen in winteri 
The three laft-mentioned forts are too tender to live 
through winter in the open air, fo muft be kept in 
pots, and removed into fhelter before hard frofts 
come on ; they are all of them eafily propagated by 
cuttings, which may be planted in a bed of loamy 
earth, during any of the fummer months ; thefe fhould 
be fhaded from the fun until they have taken root, 
and muft be frequently refrefhed with water. When 
they have good roots, they fhould be taken up with 
balls of earth about their roots, and planted in pots, 
placing them in a fhady fituation till they have taken 
new root ; then they may be removed to a flickered 
fituation, placing them among other hardy exotic 
plants, where they may remain till late in Ofitober, 
when they muft be put into fhelter. Thefe plants are 
fo hardy as only to require protection from hard froft, 
fo muft not be tenderly treated, and in mild weather 
fhould always be as much expofed to the air as poffi- 
ble, to prevent their drawing weak. 
TAN, or TANNERS BARK is the Bark of 
the Oak-tree, chopped or ground into coarfe powder, 
to be ufed in tanning or dreffing of fkins, after which 
it is of great ufe in gardening : firft, by its fermenta- 
tion (when laid in a proper quantity,) the heat of 
which is always moderate, and of a long duration, 
which renders it of great fervice for hot- beds ; and fe- 
condly, after it is well rotted, it becomes excellent 
manure for all forts of cold ftiff land, upon which one 
load of Tan is better than two of rotten dung, and will 
continue longer in the ground. 
The ufe of Tan for hot-beds has not been many years 
known in England. The firft hot-beds of this fort, 
which were made in England, were at Blackheath in 
Kent, above fourfcore years ago ; thefe were defigned 
for the raifing of Orange-trees, but the ufe of thefe 
hot-beds being but little known at that time, they 
were made but by two or three perfons, who had 
learned the ufe of them inEIolland and Flanders, where 
the gardeners feldom make any other hot-beds; but in 
England there were very few hot-beds made of Tan- 
ners Bark before the Ananas plants were introduced 
into this country, which was in 1719, fince which 
time the ufe of thefe hot-beds has been more general, 
and are now made in all thofe gardens where the Ana- 
nas plants are cultivated, or where there are collec- 
tions of tender exotic plants preferved ; and the gar- 
deners here are now better fkilled in the making and 
managing of thefe hot-beds than in moft other coun- 
tries, which might render it lefs neceffiary to give a 
full defcription of them here ; but yet, as there may 
be fome perfons in the remote parts of England, who 
have not had an opportunity of informing themfelves 
of the ufe of Tanners Bark for this purpole, I ftiall in- 
