TIL 
the fpike of flowers ; they are angular and flawed on 
their edges. The ftalk is terminated by a loofe fpike 
of flowers, which are compofed of five fmall white pe- 
tals inferted in the empalement, and ten awl-fhaped 
ftamina which are longer than the petals, terminated 
by roundifh fummits. Thefe flowers appear early 
in May, but the plants rarely produce any feeds in 
England. 
This fort is propagated by parting of the root, in the 
fame manner as the former, and delights in a moift 
foil and a fhady fituation. 
TIL I A. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 611. tab. 381. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 587. [of telum, a dart, becaufe its wood 
is uled in making darts.] The Lime, or Linden-tree ; 
in French, Tillau or Tilleul. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a concave coloured empalement , which is 
cut into five parts ; it has five oblong blunt petals which 
are crenated at their points , and many awl f aped fiamina 
terminated by Jingle fummits , with a roundifh germen 
fupporting a fender fiyle the length of the fiamina, crown- 
ed by an obtufe five-cornered ftigma. The germen after- 
ward becomes a thick globular capfule with five cells , open- 
ing at the bafe with five valves , each containing one 
roundifh feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whole flowers have many ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Til 1 a [Cor data) foliis cordatis acuminatis, insequali- 
ter ferratis, frudlibus quinquse locularibus tomentofis. 
Lime-tree with heart-faped acute-pointed leaves, which 
are unequally Jawed, and a woolly fruit having five cells. 
Tilia fcemina, folio minore. C. B. P.426. The female 
Lime-tree with a fmaller leaf. 
2. Tilia ( ALuropaa ) foliis acuminatis, ferratis, fubhir- 
futis, fru&ibus quadrulangularibus fubpilofis. Lime- 
tree with acute-pointed leaves which are Jawed, fome- 
what hairy , and a hairy fruit having four cells. Tilia 
foliis molliter hirfutis, viminibus rubris, frudhi tetra- 
gono. Raii Syn. 316. The red twigged Lime-tree. 
3. Tilia {Americana) foliis cordatis acuminatis ferratis, 
fubtus pilofls floribus nedtario inftrudtis. Lime-tree with 
heart-faped, acute-pointed , Jawed leaves which are hairy 
on their under fide, and flowers furnifed with ncciariums. 
American black Lime. 
4. Tilia ( Caroliniana ) foliis cordatis obliquis glabris 
fubferratis cum acumine, floribus nedtario inftrudtis. 
Lime-tree with heart f aped fmooth leaves, which are ob- 
lique to the foot-ftalk, fomewhat Jawed on their edges, 
ending in acute points , and flowers having nettariums. 
Tilia Caroliniana, foliis longius mucronato. Rand. 
Cat. Hort. Chelf. Carolina Lime-tree with a long-point- 
ed leaf. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the woods in many 
parts of England •, of this there are two or three va- 
rieties, which differ in the fize and fmoothnefs of 
their leaves, fome of them having much larger and 
rougher leaves than the others. I have plants of 
three of thefe varieties from feeds, but have conftant- 
ly found them vary from one to the other ; and I 
much doubt if the fecond is more than a feminal va- 
riety, but as I have not had an opportunity of raifing 
any of the plants from feeds, I cannot poflibly deter- 
mine this. 
The large-leaved Dutch Lime was generally prefer- 
red to our common fort for the fize of its leaves, 
but of late years all thefe trees are little efteemed, 
becaufe it is late in the fpring before their leaves 
come out, and they begin to decay the firft in autumn; 
and when the trees are planted in a dry foil, their 
leaves frequently decay in July, and are continually 
falling off, making a litter all the remaining part of 
fummer. 
The third fort was brought from New England by 
the title of Black Lime. The branches of this fort 
are covered with a dark brown bark. The leaves are 
large, heart-fhaped, and end in acute points ; they 
are deeply fawed on their edges, and are of a deep 
green on their upper fide, but of a pale green and a 
T 1 L 
little hairy on their under fide, Handing upon long 
{lender foot-ftalks. The flowers are produced in 
bunches, in the fame manner as thofe of the common 
Lime-tree, but the petals of the flowers are narrow- 
er, and have nedtariums growing to their bafe. The 
flowers of this fort do not appear till late in July, fo 
are a full month after the common fort. The cap- 
fules are fmaller, rounder, and lefs hairy than thofe 
of the common fort. 
The feeds of the fourth fort were brought from Ca- 
rolina by the late Mr. Catefby. This tree feems to 
be of much fmaller growth than either of the other 
forts ; the branches fpread more horizontally. The 
leaves are fmaller, and have a fmoother furface than 
either of the other ; they are heart-fhaped, . but the 
midrib runs oblique to the foot-ftalk, fo that one 
fide of the leaves is much larger than the other. 
Their edges are {lightly fawed, and their tops run 
out into long acute points. The bunches of flowers 
ftand upon long (lender foot-ftalks ; the petals of the 
flowers are narrow, and end in acute points ; thefe 
have each a narrow neftarium faftened to their bafe 
on the infide, which ftand erect clofe to the petals. 
The flowers emit a very fragrant odour, and are con- 
tinually haunted by bees during their continuance. 
This tree flowers toward the end of July, and when the 
feaion proves favourable, the feeds ripen in autumn. 
All thefe trees are eafily propagated by layers, which 
in one year will take good root, and may then be 
taken off, and planted in a nurfery, at four feet dif- 
tance row from row, and two feet afunder in the rows. 
The beft time to lay them down and to remove 
them, is at Michaelmas, when their leaves beo-i n to 
fall, that they may take root before the froft comes 
on, though they may be tranfplanted any time from 
September to March, in open weather ; but if the 
foil is dry, it is much the better way to remove them 
in autumn, becaufe it will fave a great expence in wa- 
tering them, efpecially if the fpring fhould prove dry. 
In this nurfery they may remain four or five years, 
during which time the ground fhould be dug every 
fpring, and conftantly kept clear from weeds, and the 
large fide (hoots pruned off, to caufe them to advance 
in height ; but the fmall twigs muft not be pruned 
off from the items, becaufe thefe are abfolutely ne- 
ceffary to detain the fap, for the augmentation of their 
trunks, which are apt to fhoot up too (lender, when 
they are entirely divefted of all their lateral twigs. If 
the foil in which they are planted be a fat loam T they 
will make a prodigious progrefs in their growth, fo 
that in three years time they will be fit to tranfplant 
out where they are to remain. 
They may alfo be propagated by cuttings, but, as 
this method is not fo certain as by layers, that me- 
thod is generally pradtifed. In order to obtain pro^ 
per {hoots for laying down, a Lime-tree is cut down 
clofe to the ground, from the roots of which a o-reat 
number of ftrong (hoots are produced the following 
year ; thefe will be ftrong enough to lay down the 
following autumn, efpecially if the fmalleft of them 
are cut off clofe early in the fummer ; for when too 
many {hoots are differed to grow all the fummer, they 
will be much weaker, than if only a fufficient Quanti- 
ty is left. The manner of laying down thefe "ihoots 
having been already diredted under the articleLAYERs 
I need not repeat it here. 
There are fome perfons who raife thefe trees from 
feeds, which, although it is a (lower way, yet when 
the trees are defigned to grow large, is the beft me- 
thod; and if they are only once tranfplanted, and this 
erformed while they are young, it will be ftiU the 
etter way ; for all trees that are tranfplanted when 
large, are ihorter lived than thofe which remain 
in the places where they arofe from feeds, and their 
timber will be founder, and grow to a much larger 
fize. 
When this method is pradtifed, the feeds fhould be 
fown in autumn foon after they are ripe, upon a fhady 
border of moift light foil, where the plants will come 
up the following fpring ; but, when the feeds are 
I 3 & kept 
