kept out of the ground till fpring, the plants will 
not come up till the year after. When the plants 
appear, they fhould be conftantly kept clean from 
weeds till the following autumn then they fhould be 
carefully taken up and tranfplanted into a nurfery, 
where they may grow two or three years to get ftrength, 
and then may be planted where they are defigned to 
remain, for the younger they are planted out, the 
more they will thrive. 
The timber of the Lime-tree is ufed by the carvers, it 
being a foft light wood, as alio by architects for fram- 
ing the models of their buildings •, the turners likewife 
ufe it for making light bowls, difhes, &c. but it is 
too foft for any ftrong purpofes. 
Thefe trees will continue growing, and remain found 
a great number of years, and, if planted in a good 
loamy foil, will grow to a confiderable bulk. I have 
meafured one of thefe trees, which was near ten 
yards in girth two feet about the ground, and was 
then in a very thriving condition and Sir Thomas 
Brown mentions one of thefe trees which grew in Nor- 
folk, that was fixteen yards in circuit, a foot and a 
half above ground, in height thirty yards, and in the 
leaft part of the trunk it was eight yards and a half. 
T I N U S. See Viburnum. 
TITHYMALUS; Tithymaloides. Tourn. Inf!:. 
App. 654. Euphorbia. Lin. Gen. PL 536. Spurge. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has an empalement of one leaf \ indented in three 
parts \ it has one petal which is fhaped like a flipper , 
of a thick flefhy conflftence. Under the upper part of 
the flower are fituated the ten ftamina , which are infer ted 
in the receptacle of the flower they are fender , and ter- 
minated by globular fummits in the center is fituated a 
roundifh three-cornered germen, fupporting three bifid ftyles, 
crowned by oblong ftigmas The germen afterward be- 
comes a roundifa cap file having three cells , each containing 
me oval feed. 
This genus of plants is by Dr. Linnaeus joined to the 
Euphorbia, which is ranged in the third leCtion of his 
eleventh clafs, which contains thofe plants whofe 
flowers have ten or twelve ftamina and three ftyles. 
But as the flowers of this genus differ greatly in their 
ftruCture from thofe of Euphorbia, I have chofen to 
feparate them, and have continued the old title of 
Tithymalus to the genus. 
The Species are, 
1. Tithymalus (. Mytifolius ) foliis ovatis acuminatis. 
Spurge with oval acute-pointed leaves. Tithymaloides 
frutefcens folio myrti ampliffimo. Tourn. Inft. 654. 
Shrubby Baflard Spurge with a large Myrtle leaf , 
2. Tithymalus ( Lauro-ceraffolius ) foliis oblongo ova- 
tis obtufis fucculentis. Spurge with oblong , oval , ob- 
■tuje leaves , which are very Jucculent. Tithymaloides 
lauro-cerafi folio non ferrato. Hort. Elth. 383. Baflard 
Spurge with a Laurel leaf which is not flawed. 
The firft fort grows naturally near Carthagena in 
America, from whence Mr. Robert Millar, furgeon, 
lent the branches, which were planted here, and fuc- 
ceeded : this riles with fhrubby fucculent ftalks to 
the height of twelve or fourteen feet, which are too 
weak to ftand without fupport, though they are fre- 
quently as large as a man’s little finger •, but their 
leaves being fucculent, are fo heavy as to weigh 
down the branches if they are not fupported. The. 
leaves are oval, and terminate in acute points ; they 
are two inches and a half long, and one inch and a 
half broad near their bafe they are about the thick- 
nefs of Bay leaves, and are ranged alternately on two 
fides of the branches, to which they fit clofe. The 
flowers are produced at the end of the branches three 
or four together ; they are of a fcarlet colour, of one 
petal in fhape of a flipper ; thefe are Exceeded by 
roundifh capftiles with three furrows, dividing them 
into three cells, each containing one oblong feed. 
The whole plant abounds with an acrid milky juice. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Barbadoes, and 
molt of the other iflands in the Weft-Indies, where 
the Englifh inhabitants know it by the title of Poifon 
Bulk j this hath thick, fhrubby, fucculent ftalks, 
ivhich will grow to the height of ten or twelve feet i, 
thefe are larger than thofe of the firft fort, and are 
garnifhed with oblong oval leaves ending with blunt 
.points i they are above three inches long, and an inch- 
and a half broad in the middle, of a very thick con- 
fidence, and of a dark green colour^ ranged alter- 
nately on two fides of the ftalkj The flowers grow at 
the end of the branches ; they are Ihaped like -thofe of 
the firft fort, and are of a deep red colour-, thefe are 
Exceeded by roundifh capftiles divided into three- 
cells, each containing one oblong feed. 
This whole plant abounds with an acrid milky juice, 
which will draw blifters on the flefh wherever it is 
applied, and if it mixes with the blood, I have been 
credibly informed, it becomes a deadly poifon 5 fo that 
if the points of arrows, or the edges of fwords are 
rubbed with this juice, it becomes deadly to any ani- 
mal Wounded with thofe weapons. 
Thefe plants are both propagated by cuttings, which 
may be taken from the plants during any of the ham- 
mer months, and after having laid in a dry place for a 
fortnight or three weeks, until the wounded part be 
healed over, they fhould be planted into fmall pots 
filled with light fandy earth mixed with lime rubbifh, 
and then plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark, ob- 
ferving now and then to refrefh them gently with 
moifture, but they fhould never receive much wet, 
which will rot them. 
After they have taken root, they may have a greater 
fhare of air by raffing the glaffes, but they mull ne- 
ver be wholly expofed to the open air. In this bed 
they may remain until the beginning of October, 
when they muft be removed, and placed with the 
Melon and Torch Thiftle in a warm dry ftove, and 
during the winter feafon they fnould have very little 
water, which, if given in plenty, feldom fails to rot 
them. 
Thefe plants ate too tender to thrive in the open 
air in England, therefore fhould conftantly remain 
in the ftove, obferving in the fummer feafon, when 
the weather is warm, to admit a large fhare of frefh 
air to them, and in the winter to place them in a 
warm part of the ftove, otherwife they cannot be 
preferved. 
They muft be fhifted every fummer, and frefh earth 
given to them. If the earth is light and fandy, it will 
require no mixture, for rich or ftrong ground is very 
improper for them •, therefore where the foil is inclin- 
able to either of thefe, there fhould be a good mix- 
ture of fand and lime rubbifh to prevent its binding, 
or detaining moifture. 
Thefe plants are preferved for their odd appearance 
amongft other fucculent plants, their leaves being very 
large, thick, and full of a milky acrid juice. 
TITHYMALUS. See Euphorbia. 
TOAD FLAX. See Lin aria. 
TOBACCO. See Nicotiana. 
TOLUIFERA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 470. Balfam of 
Tolu-tree. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a bell-Jhaped empalement of one leaf. \ which 
is flightly indented in five parts at the brim it has five 
petals infcrted in the receptacle of the flower , four of 
which are narrow and equal, being a little longer than the 
empalement , and the fifth is much larger , and almofi 
heart-fhaped , having a tail the length of the empalement 
it has ten foort ftamina , terminated by oblong erect fum- 
mits , and a roundifh germen fupporting a very foort ftyle, 
crowned by an acute jiigma. The germen afterward turns 
to a roundifh fruit with four cells , each containing one oval 
feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fe&ion of 
Linnasus’s tenth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have ten ftamina and one ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Toluifera ( Balfamum .) Lin. Mat. Med. The Balfam- 
tree of Tolu. Balfamum Tolutanum, foliis ceratim 
fimilibus. C. B. P. 401. Balfam-treeofTolu , with leaves 
like thofe of the Carol. 
This 
