TOR 
This tree grows naturally near Carthagena in Ame- 
rica, from whence the late Dr. Houftoun fent the 
feeds to England : in its native place this grows to a 
tree of large fize. The bark is very thick, rough, 
and of a brown colour ; the branches fpread out wide 
on every fide, and are garnifhed with winged leaves, 
compofed of feveral oblong oval lobes placed alter- 
nately along the foot-ftalk, terminated by an odd one ; 
thefe are four inches long, and two broad in the mid- 
dle ; they are rounded at both ends, but run out to 
an acute point at the top ; they are fmooth, of a 
light green colour, and fit dole to the foot-ftalk. 
The flowers are produced in fmall bunches at the 
wings of the branches, each {landing upon a {lender 
foot-ftalk almoft an inch long ; their empalements 
are of the round bell-lhape, being of one leaf, which 
is (lightly fcaliopped at the brim into five obtufe parts. 
The'lflower has four narrow petals of a yellow colour, 
which are a little longer than the empalement, and 
one more whofe tail is of the fame length of the other 
petals, and the top is of an oval heart-fhape, ftretch- 
ed out beyond the other parts •, it has ten fhort {la- 
mina within the tube of the flower, which are termi- 
nated by oblong ered fummits of a fulphur colour, 
and at the bottom of the tube is fituated a roundifh 
germen, having a very fhort ftyle, crowned by an 
acute-pointed ftigma. After the flower is paft, the 
germen turns to a roundifh fruit the fize of a large 
Pea, divided into four cells, each containing one ob- 
long oval feed* 
This tree is propagated by feeds, which muft be 
procured from the country where it grows naturally, 
and Ihould be frefh, otherwife they will not grow. 
When they are gathered from the tree, they fhould 
be put up in fand to preferve them, for when they 
are fent over in papers, the infefts naturally devour 
them. Thefe feeds muft be fown in pots filled with 
light earth as foon as they arrive, and plunged into 
the tan. If it fhould happen in autumn or winter, 
they muft be plunged in the ftove, but in fpring or 
fummer, they may be plunged in the tan-bed under 
a frame *, they fhould be taken out of their covers, 
otherwife they will be long in the ground before they 
vegetate. When the plants come up and are fit to 
remove, they fhould be carefully tranfplanted, each 
into a feparate pot, and plunged into a good hot-bed 
of tanners bark, fhading them from the fun till they 
have taken new root •, after which they fhould be 
treated in the fame way as the Coffee-tree, with which 
management the plants will fucceed. 
TOMENTUM is that foft downy fubftance 
which grows on the leaves of fome plants. 
TORDYLIUM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 320. tab. 170. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 293. Hartwort. 
The Characters are. 
It hath an umbellated flower ; the 'principal umbel is com- 
pofed of many fmall ones , which are compounded of many 
rays ; the involucrum of the greater umbel is compofed of 
narrow leaves , and is frequently as long as the rays of the 
umbel ; thofe of the rays are half the length ; the umbels 
are difformed. The flowers have five heart-fhaped inflex ed 
petals which are equal ; they have each five hair-like fia- 
mina terminated by Jingle fummits , and a roundifh germen 
fituated under the flower , flupporting two fmall flyles , 
crowned by obtufe ftigmas. The germen afterward turn 
to a roundifh compreffed fruit longitudinally indented , di- 
viding in two parts , each containing one roundifh com- 
preffed feed with an indented border. 
. This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
'' whofe flowers have five ftamina and two flyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Tordylium ( Maximum ) umbellis confertis radiatis, 
foliolis lanceolatis incifo-ferratis. Hort. Cliff. 90. 
Hartwort with the rays of the umbel clofed together, and 
the lobe of the leaves fpear-fhaped , and cut like flaws. 
Tordylium maximum. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 320. The 
greatefl Hartwort. 
2. Tordylium ( Officinale ) involucris partialibus longi- 
tudine florum, foliolis ovatis laciniatis. Hort. Cliff. 
2 
90. Hartwort with the involucrums of the rays as long 
as the floivers , and oval jagged leaves. Tordylium Nar- 
bonenfe minus. Tourn. Inft. 320. Small Hartwort 
of NarboHne. 
3. Tordylium ( Syriacum ) involucris ufhbella bngiori- 
bus. Hort. Cliff. 90. Hartwort with longer involucrums 
to the umbels. Tordylium minus, limbo granulato 
Syriacum. Mor. Umb. 37. Smaller Syrian Hartwort , 
with the borders of the feeds granulated. 
4. Tordylium ( Apulum ) umbellulis remotis, foliis pin- 
nat’is, pinnis fubrotundis laciniatis. Hort. Cliff. 90* 
Hartwort with the umbels growing at a diftance , and 
winged leaves having roundifh lobes , which are cut on their 
edges. Tordylium Apulum minimum. Col. Ecph. 1226 
The leaf: Hartwort of Apulia. 
5. Tordylium ( Secacul ) umbellulis remotis, foliis du- 
plicato-pinnatis, pinnis incifis tomentofis. Hartwort 
whofe Umbels are diftant from each other , and doubly- 
winged leaves whofe lobes are cut and downy. Tordyli- 
um Orientale, Secacul Arabum didtum, Rawvolfio. 
Niffol .Eaflern Hartwort , by the Arabians called SecacuL 
6 . Tordylium ( Nodofum ) umbellis fimplicibus fefllli- 
bus, feminibus exterioribus hifpidis. Lin. Gem Plant. 
240. Hartwort with Jingle umbels to the ftalks , and th& 
outer fide of the feeds prickly. Caucalis nodofio echi- 
nato femine. C. B. P. Knotted Parfley \ 
7. Tordylium ( Anthriflcus ) umbellis confertis, foliolis 
ovato-ianceolatis pinnatifidis. Hort. Cliff. 90. Hart- 
wort with clofed umbels , and oval , f pear -fij aped, wing- 
pointed lobes. Caucalis femine afpero, flofculis ruben- 
tibus. C. B. P. Hedge Parfley with a rough feed, and a, 
reddifh flower. 
8. Tordylium ( Latifolium ) umbellis confertis nudiuf- 
culis, foliis pinnatis, foliolis lanceolatis incifo-ferratis. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 345'. Hartwort with naked umbels of 
flowers , and winged leaves whofe lobes are fpear-fhaped and 
flawed. Caucalis arvenfis echinata latifolia. C. B. P. 
152. Broad-leaved wild Parfley with rough feeds. 
The firft fort grows in Italy and Spain ; this is a bi- 
ennial plant, which dies foon after it has perfedled its 
feeds. The lower leaves of this fort are large and 
winged, each having three or four pair of lobes ter- 
minated by an odd one. The lobes are about three 
inches long, and one broad in the middle ; they are 
rough and hairy, having many deep indentures on 
their edges like the teeth of a faw | the ftaik rifes 
three or four feet high, fending out two or three 
branches from the fide, garniftied at each joint by one 
winged leaf-, thofe on the lower part of the ftaik 
have two pair of fmall lobes terminated by an odd 
one, but thofe toward the top have one pair, and the 
middle lobe is long and narrow. The ftaik and 
branches are terminated by umbels of white flowers, 
whole rays are clofed together ; thefe are fucceeded by 
oval compreffed feeds, having a thick white border. 
It flowers in June and July, and the feeds ripen in 
Auguft or September. 
The fecond fort grows plentifully about Rome, and 
alfo in the fouth of France; this is mentioned in the 
laft edition of Ray’s Synopfis as an Efigliih plant, 
growing naturally in Oxfordfhire, where I have 
found it growing on the fide of banks ; but the feeds 
were fown there by Mr. Jacob Robart, gardener at 
Oxford. The leaves of this fort are compofed of 
three or four pair of oval lobes terminated by an odd 
one ; they are foft and hairy, about one inch long, 
and three quarters broad, bluntly indented on their 
edges. The ftalks rife a foot and a half high, and 
divide into three or four branches ; thefe have one 
fmall leaf at each joint, and are terminated by um- 
bels of white flowers, compofed of feveral fmall um- 
bels or rays, which ftand upon long foot-ftalks, 
fpreading out wide from each other. The flowers 
are fucceeded by fmaller compreffed feeds which are 
bordered. 
The third fort grows naturally in Syria ; this is a low 
plant, whofe ftalks feldom rife a foot high. The 
lower leaves are compofed of two pair of oval lobes 
terminated by a large one ; thefe are hairy, and {light- 
ly crenated on their edges ; they branch out into two 
or 
1 
* 
