T R A 
T R A 
went, terminates, by rotindifh fumrnits ; the empalement 
of the female flowers are permanent ; they are cut in- 
to jive oval concave Segments. The flowers have no petals 
or ft ami n a , but a roundijh germen , halving three furrows , 
fupporting an end ftyle , crowned by a trifid fpreading flig- 
ma. The germen afterward turns to roundijh three-lobed 
cap fules having three cells , each containing one globular feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s twenty-firft clafs, which includes thofe 
plants which have male and female flowers on the fame 
plant, and the male flowers have three ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Tragia ( Volubilis ) foliis cordato-oblongis, caule vo- 
lubili. Lin. Sp. Plant. 980. Tragia with oblong heart- 
fid aped leaves , and a twining ftalk. Tragia fcandens, 
Ion go betonicse folio. Plum. Gen. Nov. 14. Climbing 
Tragia with a long Betony leaf. 
2. Tp'agia ( Involucrum ) ftemineis pentaphyllis pinnati- 
fidis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 980. Tragia with five-leaved in- 
volucre to the female flowers, which are wing-pointed. 
Ricinocarpos Zeylanica hirfuta, foliis lanceolatis fer- 
ratis. Burm. Zeyl. 202. Hairy Ricinocarpos of Ceylon , 
with fpear-jhaped fawed leaves. 
The title of this genus was applied to it by Father 
Plunder, who conftituted the genus to the honour of 
Hieronymus Bock, an ancient botanift, who was com- 
monly called Tragus. 
The firft fort grows plentifully in the favannahs in 
Jamaica, and the other warm parts of America, where 
it twines round whatever plants or trees 
near, and rifes feven or eight feet high, having tough ] 
woody items.' The leaves are oblong, and heart- 
ihaped ; they are an inch and a half long, and three 
quarters of an inch broad toward their bafe, 
in acute points, and are deeply fawed on their edges, 
Handing alternately upon pretty long foot-ftalks. The 
male flowers come out from the wings of the ftalk, in 
long bunches of about two inches in length ; the fe- 
male flowers are produced on feparate foot-ftalks, 
arifing from the fame point as the male ; thefe arefuc- 
ceeded by roundifh capfules with three cells, each in- 
dofing one roundifh feed. The whole plant is covered 
with burning fpines like thofe of the Nettle, which 
renders it very unpleafant to handle. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in India ; this rifes 
with an erect ligneous ftalk about three feet high, 
which rarely fends out any fide branches •, it is gar- 
nifhed with oblong fpear-fhaped leaves, which run out 
in very long acute points, and are fharply fawed on 
their edges ; thefe are ranged alternately on the ftalk, 
and are clofely covered with yellowifh flinging hairs. 
The flowers are produced in finall clufters from the 
wings of the ftalk, {landing feveral together upon the 
fame foot-ftalk ; the upper are all male, and the un- 
der female, and the latter are fucceeded by roundifh 
capfules with three cells, each inclofing one feed. 
As thefe are plants of no great beauty, they are fel- 
dom preferved in this country, except in fome botanic 
gardens for the fake of variety ; they are propagated 
by feeds, which muft be fown on a hot-bed early in the 
fprrng, and muft afterward be tranfplanted into pots, 
and plunged into a hot-bed of tanners bark, and 
treated in the fame manner as other tender plants 
which require to be kept in the bark-ftove. 
TR AGOPOGON. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 477. tab. 
270. Lin. Gen. Plant. 810. {JTpocyoTruXuv, of t pdy(&>, 
a goat, and ■srwXuv, a beard, becaufe the pappous feed, 
while it is included in the calyx, refembles a 
beard.] Goats-beard •, in French, Barbe de Bone. 
The Characters are, 
The common empalement of the flower is Jingle, and com- 
pofed of eight acute-pointed leaves , which are alternately 
large , and joined at their bafe. The flower is comp 0 fed of 
many hermaphrodite florets , which are uniform •, they are 
of one petal, fttr etched out like a tongue , indented at their 
points in five parts , a 7 id lie over each other like the feales 
of fiflo ; thefe have five floort hair-like ftamina terminated 
by cylindrical fumrnits , and an oblong germen fituated un- 
der the floret, fupporting a flender ftyle the length of the 
ftamina , crowned by two revolving ftigmas. The empale- 
goat s 
inent of the flower afterward fwells to a, belly, inclofing 
many oblong, angular, rough feeds, flender at both ends., 
crowned by a feathery down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feclion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, which contains thofe plants 
vchofe flowers are compofed of only hermaphrodite flo- 
rets, and their fumrnits are connected with the ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Tragopogon (. Pratenfe ) calycibus corollas radium 
aequantibus, foliis integris ftridtis. Lin. Sp. Plant* 
789. Goats-beard with an empalement equal to the rays 
of the flower, and entire clo fed leaves. T ragopogon 
pratenfe luteum majus. C. B. P. 274. Greater yellow 
Meadow Goats-beard. 
2. Tr agopogon {Minus') calycibus corollas radiis Ion- 
gioribus, foliis linearibus ftridtis. Goats-beard with the 
empalement longer than the rays of the flower , and linear 
clofled leaves. Tragopogon pratenfe luteum minus, 
Hort. R. Bltef. Smaller yellow Meadow Goats-beard. 
3. Tragopogon ( Porrifolium ) calycibus corolke radiis 
fefqui longioribus, foliis integris ftridlis, pedunculis 
fuperne incraflatis. Hort. Upfal. 243. Goats-beard with 
the empalement longer than the rays of the flower , entire 
clofled leaves , and the foot-ftalk thicker at the upper part* 
Tragopogon purpureo-casruleum porri folio, quod 
artifi vulgo. C. B. P. 274. Goats-beard oft a purple blue 
colour , and a Leek leaf, commonly called Salfafly. 
4. Tragopogon ( Picroides ) calycibus corolla breviori- 
bus aculeatis, foliis pinnato-hailatis. Hort. Cliff. 382. 
Goats-beard with prickly empalements which are floort ef 
than the petals, and arrow wing-pointed leaves. Sonchus 
afper, laciniatus Creticus. C. B. P. 124. Rough Sow - 
thiflle of Crete with jagged leaves. 
5. Tragopogon ( Dalechampii ) calycibus monophyllis 
corolla brevioribus inermibus, foliis runcinatis. Hort. 
Upfal. 224. Goats-beard with an empalement of one leaf, 
floort er than the petals oft the flower , and plain fhaped 
leaves. Hieracium magnum Dalechampii. Hift. 569. 
Great eft Hawkweed of Dale champ. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the meadows of 
Auftria and Germany •, this is very different from the 
forts which grow naturally in England, for I have 
fown the feeds of both forts feveral years in the fame 
bed of earth, and have always found the plants have 
retained their difference. The lower leaves are three 
quarters of an inch broad at their bafe, where they 
embrace the ftalk ; they are more than a foot long, 
and are clofed together, ending in acute points. The 
ftalk rifes near three feet high, which is garnifhed a £ 
each joint with one leaf of the fame fhape with thofe 
below, but are fmaller ; it is terminated by one large 
yellow flower compofed of hermaphrodite florets, 
which lie over each other like the feales of fifh ; thefe 
are included in one common Ample empalement, which 
is equal in length to the rays of the flower. Each 
floret is fucceeded by an oblong feed which is larger 
at the bafe than at the point, where it is crowned with 
a large feathery down. The feeds of the border or 
ray are crooked and rough, but thofe of the difk are 
ftrait and fmooth. It flowers in June, and the feeds 
ripen about a month after. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in moift paftures in 
many parts of England ; it is by the common people 
titled Sleep -at-noon, or Go-to-bed-at-noon, becaufe 
the flowers are generally clofed up before that time 
every day. The lower leaves of this fort are almoft 
as long as thofe of the firft fort, but are not more than 
a third partfo broad; they are of a deep green co~. 
lour, and end in acute points. The {talks rife about 
a foot high, and fuftain one yellow flower at the top, 
not more than half fo large as thofe of the firft ; the 
empalement of thefe flowers are longer than the rays ; 
the feeds of this are much fmaller. It flowers about 
the fame time with the former. 
When this fort is (hot up in ftalk four inches high, the 
common people gather it out of the fields, and boil it 
iq the fame way as Afparagus, and fome give it the 
preference. 
The third fort is cultivated in gardens by the title of 
Salfafy, The roots of this are drafted in different ways s 
4 and 
