T R I 
the plants appear, they fhould be duly watered in dry 
weather, which will greatly promote their growth ; 
but if the feeds are fown in autumn, the plants 
will come up the following fpring. They muft 
be conftantly kept clean from weeds, which, if per- 
mitted to grow amongft them, will foon overbear 
the plants while they are young, and either quite de- 
ftroy them, or fo much weaken them, that they will 
not recover in a long time. 
The plants may remain in this feed-border until the 
Michaelmas following, when they fhould be carefully 
taken up, and tranfplanted where they are defigned 
to remain. Some of them fhould be planted in pots, 
that they may be fheltered in winter while young, left 
thofe which are in the full ground fhould be deftroyed 
by fevere froft. 
This plant may be alfo propagated by parting of the 
roots. The beft feafon for this work is in the fpring, 
juft before the plants begin to fhoot, which is com- 
monly about the middle or latter end of March , but 
in doing of this, the roots muft not be parted too 
fmali, for that will prevent their flowering ftrong. 
Thefe plants perfect their feeds in this country every 
year, which, if fown in autumn as foon as they are 
ripe, the plants will come up the following fpring, by 
which means a whole year will be faved. The feed- 
ling plants will not flower until the third year, and 
then they are feldom fo ftrong as the older plants. 
TRIPETALOUS FLOWERS are fuch as 
conftft of three leaves, which are called petals, to dif- 
tinguilli them from the leaves of plants. 
TRI FOLIUM. See Aster. 
TRITICUM. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 512. tab. 292, 
293. Lin. Gen. PI. 99. Wheat; in French, Froment. 
The Characters are, 
It has an oval chaffy empalement with two valves, which 
inclofe two or three flowers. The petals have a double 
valve as large as the empalement ; the outer valve is bellied 
and acute-pointed , the inner is plain. P'he flowers have 
three hair-like flamina terminated by oblong forked fummits , 
and a top-Jhaped germen fupporting two hairy reflexed 
jlyles , crowned by feathery fiigmas. Phe germen after- 
ward becomes an oval oblong feed , obtufe at both ends , con- 
vex on one fide , and channelled on the other , wrapped up 
in the petal of the flower. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedlion 
of Linnaeus’s third clafs, which contains thofe plants 
whofe flowers have three ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Triticum ( Hybernum ) calycibus quadrifloris ventri- 
cofis laevibus, imbricatis fubmutifis. Hort. Upfal. 21. 
Wheat with beards , having finooth , bellied , imbricated 
hufks , with four flowers. Triticum hybernum ariftis 
carens. C. B. P. 21. Winter Wheat without awns , or 
common Wheat. 
2. Triticum (. Mftivum ) calycibus quadrifloris ventrico- 
fis glabris imbricatis ariftatis. Hort. Upfal. 21. Beard- 
ed Wheat with flnooth imbricated bellies , and four flowers 
in each chaff. Triticum mftivum. C. B. P. 21. Summer 
or Spring Wheat. 
3. Triticum {Turgidum) calycibus quadrifloris ventri- 
cofis viliofts imbricatis fubariftatis. Hort. Upfal. 21. 
Wheat with hairy, bellied, imbricated , obtufe hufks, con- 
taining four flowers. Triticum fpica villofa quadrata, 
breviore & turgidiore. Mor. Plift. 3. p. \yS. Wheat 
with four-cornered , fhort, hairy , turgid fpikes, commonly 
called gray Pollard, or Duckbill Wheat. 
4. Triticum [ffluadratum) glumis ventricofis villofis im- 
bricatis fpicis oblongis pyramidatis. Wheat with hairy, 
bellied, imbricated hufks, and oblong pyramidal fpikes. 
Triticum fpica villofa quadrata longiore, ariftis mu- 
nitum. Mor. Hift. 3. p. 176. Wheat with longer, four- 
rowed, hairy fpikes armed with beards, commonly called 
Cone Wheat. 
5. Triticum ( Polonicum ) calycibus bifloris nudis, fiof- 
culis longiffime ariftatis, racheos dentibus barbatis. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 127. Wheat with two flowers in each 
cup , which are long, naked, and bearded. Triticum 
Polonicum. Pluk. Phyt. 231. f. 6 . Polonian Wheat. 
There are fome other varieties of Wheat, which the 
farmers in different parts of England diftinguifh by 
T R I 
different titles, but they are only feminal variatidMh 
which have rifen from culture. Some of thefe differ 
in the colour of their chaff, and others in the form 
of their fpikes ; but as they are fubjebt to vary, we 
fhall not enumerate them as different fpecies. Thefe 
are, The red W T heat without awns, the red-eared 
bearded Wheat, many-eared Wheat, and naked Bar- 
ley. The five forts above enumerated 1 have fown 
feveral years, and have always found them conftant 
without variation. 
Where Wheat grows naturally is very hard to deter- 
mine at prefent; but it is generally fuppofed that 
Africa is the country, becaufe in the earlielt accounts 
we have of it, there is mention of its being tranf- 
ported from thence to other countries, and Sicily 
was the firft country in Europe where this grain was 
cultivated ; but although the country of its natural 
growth is in a very warm climate, it is found to bear 
the inclemency of our rough climate very well ; and 
in more northern countries, where the fummers are 
long enough to ripen the grain, it is found to fucceedi 
The firft fort is the common Wheat which is fown 
in moft parts of England, and is fo well known as 
to need no defcription. The fpikes or ears of this are 
long ; the grains are ranged in four rows, and lie over 
each other like thefcalesof fifh ; the chaff is fmooth, 
bellied, and is not terminated by awns or beards. 
The fecond fort is called Summer or Spring Wheat; 
this will ripen much earlier than the other, fo has 
often been fown in the fpring of the year, at the fame 
time with Oats ; but if the feafon proves wet, it is 
very fubjedt to grow tall, and have very thin grains, 
which has difcouraged people from fowing it at that 
feafon; fo that, unlefs from the fe verity of the winter, 
or fome other accident, the winter Corn is injured, 
the pradlice of fowing Wheat in the fpring is rarely 
ufed. 
The third fort is called in fome places Gray Wheat, 
in others Duckbill Wheat and gray Pollard, but in 
Suffex it is generally known by the title of Fullers 
Wheat ; this fort grows very tall, and if it is fown too 
thick, is very apt to lodge with rain and wind, for 
the ears are large and heavy ; they nod on one fide as 
the grain increales in weight. The awns are long, 
the chaff hairy, which detains the moifture, all which 
help to lodge it, for which reafon many people do 
not chufe to cultivate this fort ; but where the roots 
are at a proper diftance from each other, they will put 
out many ftalks from each, and the ftalks will be 
ftronger, and iupport themfelves better, and the grain 
produces more flour in proportion than any of the 
other forts. The awns of this fort always drop off 
when the grain is full grown. 
The fourth fort is more cultivated in Oxfordfhire and 
Berkftiire than in any other part of England. The ears 
of this fort are formed like a cone, ending with a flen- 
der point, from whence it had the title of Cone Wheat. 
Of this there are the white and red, which I believe 
are only varieties, for I have generally feen them 
mixed in the field. The awns of this are long and 
rough, fo the farmers fay it guards the grain from 
birds, which has been a recommendation to fow it, 
efpecially near inclofures, where there is a Shelter for 
birds. Mr. Tull prefers this fort for fowing in drills, 
but I have feen the third fort anfwer much better in 
the horfe-hoeing hufbandry. 
The Polonian Wheat grows tall, the ears are long and 
heavy, fo that where it is fown too thick, it is very 
fubjed; to be lodged ; therefore the farmers little re- 
gard it ; but it produces much flour, and therefore 
worthy of cultivation. 
The feafon for fowing of Wheat is autumn, and al- 
ways when the ground is moift. In the downs of 
Hampfhire, Wiltihire, and Dorfetfhire, the farmers 
begin fowing of their Wheat in Auguft, if there hap- 
pens rain ; fo that when they are in their harveft, if 
the weather (tops them, they employ their people in 
fowing, for if the Corn is not forward in autumn, fo 
as to cover the ground before winter, it feldom fuc- 
ceeds well on thofe dry lands, efpecially if the fpring 
fhould prove dry ; but in the low ftrong lands, if they 
*3 M gee 
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