V A L 
V A L 
rian with flowers having three flamina , winged leaves to 
the flalks , and thofe at the root undivided. Valeriana 
hortenfis. Dod. Pempt. 342. Garden Valerian. 
2. Valeriana ( Officinalis ) floribus triandris, foliis om- 
nibus pinnads. Hort. Cliff. 15. Valerian with three 
flamina to the flowers, and all the leaves winged. V ale- 
riana fylveftris major. C. B. P. 164. Greater wild Va- 
lerian. 
3. Valeriana {Rubra) floribus monandris caudads, 
foliis lanceolatis integerrimis. Hort. Cliff. 15. V alerian 
with flowers having tails, one flamina, and fpear-fhaped 
entire leaves. Valeriana rubra. C. B. P. 165. Red 
Valerian. 
4. Valeriana ( Anguftifolia ) floribus monandris cauda- 
tis, foliis linearibus integerrimis. Valerian with tailed 
flowers having one flamina, and linear entire leaves. 
Valeriana rubra anguftifolia. C. B. P. 165. Narrow- 
leaved red Valerian. 
5. Valeriana ( Calcitrapa ) floribus monandris, foliis 
pinnatifidis. Hort. Upfal. 14. Valerian with flowers 
having one flamina and wing-pointed leaves. V aleriana 
foliis calcitrapas. C. B. P. 164. Valerian with leaves 
like thofe of the Star-thiflle. 
6 . Valeriana ( Pyrenaica ) floribus triandris, foliis cau- 
linis cordatis ferratis petiolatis, fummis ternatis. Hort. 
Cliff. 1 5. Valerian with three flamina to the flowers, and 
heart-Jhaped flawed leaves growing on foot-flalks, placed 
by threes at the top. Valeriana maxima Pyrenaica, ca- 
liae folio. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 131. 'The largefl Pyre- 
nean Valerian with a foreign Colt' s-foot leaf. 
7. Valeriana ( Celtica ) floribus triandris, foliis ovato- 
oblongis obtufis integerrimis. Lin. Mat. Med. 23. 
Valerian with three flamina to the flowers, and oblong, 
oval, blunt, entire leaves. Nardus Celtica. J. B. 3. p. 
205. Celtic Nard. 
8. Valeriana ( Siberica ) floribus tetrandis squalibus, 
foliis pinnatifidis, feminibus palea ovali adnatis. Hort. 
Upfal. 1 3. Valerian with four equal flamina to the flowers, 
wing-pointed leaves , and feeds faflened by an oval hufk. 
Valeriana lutea humilis. Amman. Ruth. 18. Low yel- 
low Valerian. 
9. Valeriana ( Locufla ) floribus triandris caule dicho- 
tomo, foliis linearibus. Flor. Suec. 32. Valerian with 
a forked ftalk and linear leaves. Valeriana arvenfis, pras- 
cox humilior, femine compreffo. Mor. Umb. 53. 
Corn-fallad or Lamb' s-lettuce. 
10. Valeriana {Veflcaria) caule dichotomo, foliis lan- 
ceolatis ferratis, calycibus inflatis. Hort. Cliff. 16. Va- 
lerian with a forked flalk, fpear-fhaped flawed leaves, 
and fwollen empalements. Valerianelle Cretica, frudtu 
veficario. Tourn. Cor. 6. Candia Lamb' s-lettuce with a 
bladder fruit. 
11. Valeriana ( Coronata ) caule dichotomo, foliis lan- 
ceolatis dentatis, frudtu fexdentato. Hort. Cliff. 16. 
Valerian with a forked ftalk , fpear-fhaped indented leaves , 
and a fruit having fix indentures. Valerianella femine 
ftellato. C. B. P. 1 65. Lamb' s-lettuce with a ftarry fruit. 
12. Valeriana ( Cornucopia ) floribus diandris ringenti- 
bus, foliis ovatis feffilibus. Hort. Cliff. 15. Valerian 
with a ringent flower having two flamina, and oval leaves 
fet clofe to the ftalk. Valerianella cornucopoides, flore 
galeato. Mor. Umb. Lamb' s-lettuce with a helmet flower 
like thofe of the Cornucopia. 
There are feveral other fpecies of this genus, fome of 
which grow naturally in England, and others in dif- 
ferent parts of Europe *, but as they are feldom cul- 
tivated in gardens, they are omitted, left the work 
fliould fwell too much beyond its intended bulk. 
The firft of thefe forts grows naturally in Alfatia, but 
is propagated in England for medicinal ufe, and is 
called in the fhops by the name of Phu, to diftinguifti 
it from the Mountain Valerian, which is alfo ufed in 
medicine, and is preferred to all the other forts by 
the modern phyficians •, though the roots of this firft 
are ftill continued in fome of the capital medicines, 
and are by fome efteemed equal in virtue, if not fu- 
perior, to the wild fort. 
This hath thick, flefliy, jointed roots, which fpread 
near the furface of the ground in a very irregular 
manner, crolfing each other, and matting together by 
their fmaller fibres ; thefe have a very ftrong fcent, 
efpecially when dry. The lower leaves, which rife 
immediately from the root, are many of them entire % 
others are divided into three, five, or feven obtufe 
lobes •, they are of a pale green colour and fmooth. 
The ftalks rife three-or four feet high •, they are hol- 
low, and fend out branches from their fide by pairs, 
and are garniflied with winged leaves, placed oppo- 
fite at each joint, which are compofed of four or five 
pair of long narrow lobes terminated by an odd one. 
The ftalks, and alfo the branches, are terminated by 
flowers difpofed in form of an umbel ; they are fmall, 
tubulous, white, and cut (lightly at the brim into 
five parts ; thefe appear in May and June, and are 
fucceeded by oblong flat feeds having a downy crown. 
This plant is propagated by parting of its roots, either 
in the fpring or autumn, but the latter is much pre- 
ferable to the former, which ftiould be planted in beds 
of frefti dry earth, about two feet afunder, for they com- 
monly fpread and multiply very faft. If the feafon is 
dry, you muft water the plants until they have taken 
root •, after which they will require no further care, 
but to keep them clean from weeds ; and in autumn, 
when their leaves are decayed, the roots fhould be ta- 
ken up and dried for ufe. 
The fecond fort is generally found upon dry chalky 
foils in ftiady places, in divers parts of England. The 
roots of this, which grow wild upon fuch foils, are 
much preferable to thofe of the fame kind which are 
cultivated in'gardens; which is alfo the fame of all the 
forts of aromatic plants, when gathered from their na- 
tive places of growth, where they are fmaller, but 
have a ftronger flavour. 
The roots of this plant are compofed of long flefliy 
fibres which are (lender, and unite in heads. All the 
leaves of this fort are winged ; thofe at the bottom 
are compofed of broader lobes than thofe on the ftalks, 
and are notched on their edges ; they are compofed of* 
fix or feven pair of lobes terminated by an an odd one$ 
thefe end in acute points, and are hairy. The ftalks, 
in their natural fituation, feldom grow much more 
than a foot high ; but, when the roots are cultivated 
in a garden, they grow more than twice that height ; 
thefe are channelled, hollow, hairy, and are garnifhed 
at each joint with two winged leaves placed oppofite, 
whofe lobes are very narrow and almoft entire. At 
the upper part of the ftalk comes out two fmall fide 
branches oppofite ; thefe, and alfo the principal ftalk, 
are terminated by clufters of flowers formed into a 
kind of umbel, which are ftiaped like thofe of the 
firft fort, but are fmaller, and have a tinge of purple 
on their outfide. It flowers about the fame time with 
the firft fort. 
This plant may alfo be propagated by parting the 
roots either in fpring or autumn, as was dire&ed for 
the firft fort, but you fliould always obferve to plant 
them upon a dry, frefti, undunged foil, in which, 
though the roots will not make near fo great progrefs 
as in a rich moift foil, yet they will be much prefer- 
able to them for ufe. Thefe roots fliould alfo be ta- 
ken up when the leaves decay in autumn, and pre- 
ferved dry until ufed. 
The third fort grows naturally in rough ftony places 
in the fouth of France, and in Italy, but has been long 
cultivated in the Englifti gardens for ornament. 
The roots of this fort are ligneous, and as thick as a 
man’s finger, fpreading out on every fide very wide. 
The ftalks rife about three feet high •, they are round, 
fmooth, of a grayifti colour, and hollow ; thefe are 
garniflied at each joint with fmooth fpear-fhaped 
leaves near three inches long and one broad, drawing 
to a point at each end j they are generally placed by 
pairs, but fometimes there are three at the fame joint 
(landing round the ftalk. The upper part of the ftalk 
fends out branches by pairs, which, with the princi- 
pal ftalk, are terminated with red flowers growing in 
clufters, which have long tubes, cut into five parts at 
the top, and from the tube is fent out a fpur or heel 
like the flowers of Larkfpur. It flowers mod part of 
fummer, and the feeds ripen accordingly in fucceftion ; 
4 * theft 
03 & 
