V I o 
the flowers are very beautiful, and there is a conftant 
fuccefilon of them all the fummer. 
V I N C I T O X I C U M. See Asclhpias. 
VINE. SeeViTis. 
VI OLA. Tourn. lull. R. H. 419. tab. 236. Lin. Gen. 
Plant. 898. Violet. 
The Characters are. 
The flower has a Jhort permanent empalement of five 
leaves , which are differently ranged in the different fpe- 
cies. The flower is of the ringent kind , and is compofed of 
five unequal petals the upper is broad , obtufe , ' and in- 
dented at the point , having a horned nediarium at the 
bafe ■, two fide petals are oppofite , the two lower are 
larger , fifing and reflexed ; it has five finall ftamina , 
which are annexed as appendages to the entrance of the 
nedlarimn, terminated by obtufe fummits , which are fome- 
times connected, and a roundifh germen fupporting a fen- 
der fiyle which fltands out beyond the fummits , and is 
crowned by an oblique ftigma. The germen afterward 
turns to an oval three-cornered capfule with one cell , 
opening with three valves , including many oval feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth lection of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 
whofe flowers are Angle in the empalements, but have 
their fummits connedled. 
The Species are, 
1. Viola ( Odorata ) acaulis, folds cordatis, ftolonibus 
reptantibus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 934. Violet having no 
fialks , heart-jhaped leaves , and creeping JJooots. Viola 
martia purpurea, flore fimplici odoro. C. B. P. 199. 
Purple March Violet , with a fingle fweet flower. 
2. Viola ( ITirta ) acaulis, foliis cordatis pilofo-hifpidis. 
Flor. Suec. 718. Violet without a fealk , having heart - 
floaped leaves zvith flinging hairs. Viola martia hirfuta 
inodora. Mor. Hill. 2. p. 475. Hairy , fcentlefs , March 
Violet. 
3. Viola ( Paluftris ) acaulis, foliis reniformibus. Hal- 
ler. Helvet. 50 1. Violet without a ftalk , having kidney- 
fhaped leaves. Viola paluftris rotundifolio, glabra. 
Mor. Hift. 1. p. 475. March Violet with round fimooth 
leaves. 
4. Viola ( Mirabilis ) caule triquetro, foliis reniformi- 
cordatis, floribus caulinis apetalis. Lin. Sp. 1326. Vi- 
olet with a three-cornered Jlalk , kidney heart-jhaped leaves , 
and flowers whofe petals are faflened to the ft alks. Vi- 
ola montana latifolia, flores e radice, femina in cacu- 
mine ferens. Hort. Elth. 408. tab. 303. Mountain 
Violet with a broad leaf whofe flowers and feeds join to 
the roots. 
5. V iol a ( Multifida ) acaulis, foliis pedatis feptempar- 
titis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 933. Violet without a ftalk, and 
leaves growing like feet, divided into feven parts. Viola 
Virginiana tricolor, foliis multifidis, cauliculo aphyllo. 
Pluk. Aim. 388. Three-coloured Virginia Violet , with 
many -pointed leaves, and a, naked ftalk. 
6 . Viola ( Pinnata ) acaulis, foliis pinnatifidis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 734. Violet without a ftalk, and leaves having ma- 
ny points. Viola Alpina, folio in plures partes difledto. 
C. B. P. 199. Alpine Violet, with a leaf cut into many 
parts. 
7. Viola ( Cenfia ) acaulis, grandiflora, foliis ovalibus 
uniformibus integerrimis. Allion. Violet without a ftalk , 
having . a large flower , and oval entire leaves which are 
uniform. 
8. Viola {Montana) caulibus ereftis, foliis cordatis ob- 
longis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 935. Violet with erebl ftalks, 
and oblong keart-floaped leaves. Viola martia arbore- 
fcens purpurea. C. B. P. 199. Tree-like purple March 
Violet. 
9. Viola ( Tricolor ) caule triquetro diffufo, foliis ob- 
longis dentatis, ftipulis dentatis. Flor. Suec. 721. 
Violet with a three-cornered diffufed ftalk, oblong indented 
leaves, and indented flipuH. Viola tricolor hortenfis 
repens. C. B. P. 199. Creeping three-coloured Garden 
Violet, commonly called Heard s-eafe or Panfies. 
10. Viola ( Calcarata ) caule diffufo decumbente, foliis 
obiongis incifis, ftolonibus reptatricibus. Violet with a 
diffufed trailing ftalk, oblong cut leaves, and creeping 
fhoots. Viola montana, lutea grandiflora. C. B. P. 
200. Tellow Mountain Violet with a large flower. 
V I O 
The firft fort, which is the common fweet Violet, 1 
grows naturally under hedges in the neighbourhood 
of London ; but in, feveral of the diftant counties, the 
Violet without fcent is the moft frequent. Of the 
common Violet there are the following varieties 5 the 
Angle blue and white, the double blue and white, 
and the pale purple. Thefe are all of them commonly 
preferved in gardens for the odour of their flowers j 
this has a thick Abrous root, fending forth Ions; trail- 
ing Ihoots, which put out Abres, and take root in the 
ground, whereby it fpreads and propagates. The 
leaves grow upon pretty long foot-ftalks 5 they are 
heart-lhaped, and fo me what hairy. The flowers (land 
upon flender naked foot-ftalks, which arife immedi- 
ately from the heads of the plants ; they are of an ir- 
regular figure, in feme refembling the fnout of an 
animal, compofed of five unequal petals, one of which 
has a heel, or horned ne&arium at the bafe. Thefe 
flowers generally appear in March, from whence they 
had the appellation of March Violets. After the 
flowers are paft, the germen fwells to a r-oundifli cap- 
fule with three furrows, having one cell, in which 
are lodged four or five round feeds which ripen in 
July- 
The flowers of this fort are one of the four cordial 
flowers ; they are efteemed cooling, moiftenino-, and 
laxative. The leaves of the plants are fometimes’ufed 
in clyfters ; but the flowers of the fecond fort have 
been frequently brought to the markets, and fold for 
this, which have no lcent, fo are unfit for the pur- 
pofes intended, but being larger they fill the meafure 
fooner. 
The fecond fort is found growing naturally in many 
parts of England. The leaves of this fort are larger, 
and are covered with rough flinging hairs. The 
flowers are larger and have no fcent, which are the 
only differences. 
The third fort grows naturally in marfhes arid on boo- s 
in feveral parts of England. The leaves of this are 
finall, kidney-ftiaped, and fimooth. The flowers are 
finall, and of a pale blue colour-, they appear in 
June, and are fucceeded by finall oblono- caDluleq 
filled with roundifh feed. ° 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Germany and Swe- 
den ; it is preferved in fome curious gardens for va- 
riety. The leaves of this are fpear-lh aped and entire 
ftanding upon foot-ftalks. The flowers are lamer 
than thofe of the common fort, but have no fcent. & 
The fifth fort is a native of North America. The 
leaves of this are divided into feven parts or lobes 
which are united at the foot-ftalk. The flowers ftand 
upon naked foot-ftalks ; they are of the Panfy kind 
and have no fcent ; they appear in June, but are not 
fucceeded by feeds here. 
The fixth fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this was 
fent me by Dr. Allione from Turin ; it is a very low- 
plant, feldom rifing two inches high. The leaves are 
finall, and cut into wing points ; the flowdrs are of a 
pale blue colour, and appear in June. 
The feventh fort was fent me by the fame gentleman 
who found it growing on the Alps ; this is an hum- 
ble plant, with oval, entire, uniform leaves, not more 
than half an inch long, and a quarter broad, ftandmo- 
upon fhort foot-ftalks. The flowers are lame, of % 
light blue colour, and appear in June. Thefe have 
no fcent. 
The eighth fort grows naturally on the Alps, and the 
mountains in Auftria. The root of this is perennial 
but the ftalks and leaves decay in autumn ; this has 
-ereft ftalks which rife more than a foot high ; they 
are garnifhed with oblong heart- fbaped leaves.’ The 
flowers ftand upon long foot ftalks, which fprin'o- f rom 
the wings of the ftalks ; they are Ihaped like th°ofe of 
the Dog Violet, and are of a pale blue colour =, thefe 
appear the end of May, and are fucceeded by round- 
ifh capfules filled with finall feeds, which rjpen in 
Auguft. 
The ninth fort is the Heart’s-eafe or Panfies, which 
grows naturally in fome of the northern counties" of 
England, but is generally cultivated in gardens ' Of 
J 2 Z ' this 
4^1 
