V I T 
fruit, the expence and trouble being the fame for ten 
or twelve bunches of Grapes, as it will be for a hun- 
dred or more. 
Thefe Vines, Ihould not be forced every year, but 
with good management they may be forced every 
other year, though it would be better if it were done 
only every third year ; therefore, in order to have a 
fupply of fruit annually, there fhould be a fufficient 
quantity of walling built to contain as many Vines as 
will be neceffary for two or three years, and by mak- 
ing the frames in front moveable, they may be 
fhifted from one part of the wall to another, as the 
Vines are alternately forced •, therefore I would ad- 
vife about forty feet length of walling to be each year 
forced, which is as much as one fire will heat ; and 
when the Vines are in full bearing, will fupply a rea- 
fonable quantity of Grapes for a middling family ; 
but for great families, twice this length will not be 
too much. 
In moll places where thefe hot walls have been built, 
they are commonly planted with early kinds of Grapes, 
in order to have them early in the feafon; but this I 
think is hardly worth the trouble, for it is but of 
little confequence to have a few Grapes earlier by a 
month or fix weeks, than thofe againft common walls, 
therefore I fhould advife, whenever a perfon is willing 
to be at the expence of thefe walls, that they may be 
planted with fome of the belt kinds of Grapes, which 
rarely come to any perfection in this country without 
the affiftance of fome artificial heat, of which the fol- 
lowing forts are the moft valuable. 
The Red Mufcat of Alexandria. 
The White Mufcat of Alexandria. 
The Red Frontinac. 
The White Frontinac* 
. The Black Frontinac. 
When the Vines which are planted againft the kot 
walls are grown to full bearing, they muft be pruned 
and managed after the fame manner as hath been di- 
rected for thofe againft common walls, with this dif- 
ference only, viz. that thofe feafons when they are 
hot forced, the Vines fhould be carefully managed in 
the fummer for a fupply of good wood, againft the 
time of their being forced, fo that it will be the better 
method to diveft the Vines of their fruit, in order to 
encourage the wood; for as few of the forts will ripen 
without heat, it is not worth while to leave them on 
the Vines during the feafon of refling, except it be 
the common Frontinacs, which in a good feafon will 
ripen without artificial heat, but even thefe, I would 
not advife many Grapes to be left on them during 
the years of their refling ; becaufe as the defign of 
this is to encourage and ftrengthen therfi, therefore 
all pofiible care fhould be had that the young wood 
is not robbed by overbearing ; for thofe years when 
the Vines are forced, the joints of the young wood 
are generally drawn farther afunder, than they ordi- 
narily grow in the open air ; fo that when they are 
forced two or three years fucceffively, the Vines are 
fo much exhaufled, as not to be recovered into a good 
bearing ftate for fome years, efpecially if they are 
forced early in the feafon ; or where great care is not 
taken in the fummer to let them have a proper fhare 
of free air, to prevent their being drawn too much, 
and alfo to ripen their fhoots. Thofe years when the 
Vines are forced, the only care fhould be to encou- 
rage the fruit, without having much regard to the 
wood, fo that every fhoot fhould be pruned for fruit, 
and none of them Shortened for a fupply of young 
wood, becaufe they may be fo managed by pruning in 
the years of their relling, as to replenifh the Vines 
with new wood. Thofe Vines which are defigned for 
forcing in the fpring, fhould be pruned early the au- 
tumn before, that the buds which are left on the 
fhoots, may receive all poffible nourifhment from the 
root, and at the fame time time the fhoots Ihould be 
fattened to the trellis in the order they are to lie ; but 
the glafies fhould not be placed before the Vines till 
about the middle or end of January, at which time alfo 
the fires. mutt be lighted, for if they are forced too early 
y I T 
‘ ; -<.1 . v ., ,...'*3 t .. A 1 
in the year, they will begin to fhoot before the weV 
ther will be warm enough to adniit air to the Vines, 
which will caufe the young fhoots to draw out weak, 
and thereby their joints will be too far afunder, fo 
confequently there will be fewer Grapes on them, and 
thofe bunches which are produced will be fmalier than 
when they have a fufficient quantity of air admitted to 
them every day. 
If the fires are made at the time before directed, the 
Vines will begin to fhoot the middle or latter end of Fe- 
bruary, which will be fix weeks earlier than theyufually 
come out againft the common walls, to that by the time 
that other Vines are fnooting, thefe will be in flower, 
which will be early enough to ripen any of thefe forts 
of Grapes perfedly well. The fires fhould not be 
made very ftrong in thefe walls, for if the air is heated 
to about ten degrees above the temperate point on 
the botanical thermometers, it will be fufficiently warm 
to force out the fhoots leifurely, which is much bet- 
ter than to force them violently. Thefe fires fhould 
not, be continued all the day time, unlefs the weather 
fhould prove very cold, and the fun does not fhine 
to warm the air, at which times it will be proper to 
have fmall fires continued all the day ; for where the 
walls are rightly contrived, a moderate fire made 
every evening, and continued till ten or eleven of 
the clock at night, will heat the wall, and warm the 
inclofed air to a proper temperature ; and as thefe 
fires need not be continued longer than about the end 
of April (unlefs the fpring fhould prove very cold,) 
fo the expence of fuel will not be very great, be- 
caufe they may be contrived to burn either coal, 
wood, turf, or almoft any other fort of fuel; though 
where coal is to be had reafonable, it makes the eveneft 
and beft fires, and will not require fo much attendance. 
When the Vines begin to fhoot, they mutt be fre- 
quently looked over to fatten the new fhoots to the 
trellis, and rub off all dangling fhoots ; in doing of 
which great care muft be taken, for the fhoots of 
thefe forced Vines are very tender, and very fubjed 
to break when any violence is offered. The fhoots 
fhould alfo be trained very regular, fo as to lie as 
near as poffible to the efpalier, and at equal diftances, 
that they may equally enjoy the benefit of the air 
and fun, which is abfolutely neceffary for the im- 
provement of the fruit; When the Grapes are form- 
ed, the fhoots fhould be flopped at the fecond joint 
beyond the fruit, that the nourifhment may not be 
drawn away from the fruit in ufelefs fhoots, which 
mutt be avoided as much as poffible in thefe forced 
Vines ; upon which no ufelefs wood fhould be left, 
which will ffiade the fruit, and exclude the air from it 
by their leaves. 
As the feafon advances and the weather becomes 
warm, there fhould be a proportionable fhare of free 
air admitted to the Vines every day, which is abfo- 
lutely neceffary to promote the growth of the fruit ; 
but the glafies fhould be fhut clofe every nio-ht, un- 
lefs in very hot weather, otherwife the cold dews in 
the night will retard the growth of the fruit. The 
bunches of the White Frontinac fhould alfo be care- 
fully looked over, and the i’mall Grapes cut out with 
very narrow-pointed fciffars, in order to thin them, 
for thefe berries grow fo clofe together on the 
bunches, efpecially the White Frontinac, that the 
moifture is detained between them, which often 
occafions their rotting, and the air being exclud- 
ed from the middle of the bunches, the Grapes 
never ripen equally, which by this method may be 
remedied, if done in time ; and as thefe Grapes are 
proteded by the glaffes from the blights which fre- 
quently take thofe which are expofed, there will be no 
hazard in thinning thefe Grapes foon after they arefet, 
at which time it will be much eafier to perform this 
operation, than when the Grapes are grown larger B 
and confequently will be clofer together ; but in 'do- 
ing of this the bunches muft not be roughly handled, 
for if the Grapes are the leaft bruifed, or the farina", 
which there naturally is upon them, be rubbed off; 
their fkins will harden, and turn of a brown colour* 
