V I T 
the flro'ngeft have four eyes, and the two weaker are 
fhortened down to two eyes each, which is very dif- 
ferent from the common pradice in England, where 
it is ufual to fee fix or eight branches left upon 
each root, and thofe perhaps left with fix or eight 
eyes to each ; fo that if thele are fruitful, one root 
mull; produce near four times the number of bunches 
which the Italians do ever permit, and fo confequently 
the fruit will net be fo well nourifhed, and the roots 
will alio be greatly weakened, as is the cafe of all 
forts of fruit-trees, when a greater number of fruit is 
left on than the trees can nourilh. 
The next thing is, conftantly to keep the ground per- 
fedly clean between the Vines, never permitting any 
fort of plants or weeds to grow there. The ground 
fhould alfo be carefully dug every fpring, and every 
third year have fome manure, which fnould be of dif- 
ferent forts, according to the nature of the ground, 
or which can be moil conveniently procured. 
If the land is faff, and inclinable to bind on the fur- 
face, then fea-fand, or fea-coal afhes, are either of 
them very good manure for it ; but if the ground be 
loofe and dry, then a little lime mixed with dung is 
the beft manure for it. • This muff be fpread thin up- 
on the furface of the ground before it is dug, and in 
digging fhould be buried equally in every part of the 
vineyard. Thefe are much preferable to that of all 
dung for Vines, fo that it will be worth the expence 
to procure either of them *, and as they require ma- 
nuring but every third year, where the vineyard is 
large, it may be divided into three equal parts, each 
of which may be manured in its turn, whereby the 
expence will be but little every year •, whereas when 
the whole is manured together, it will add to the ex- 
pence *, and in many places there cannot be a fufficient 
quantity procured, to manure a large vineyard in one 
year. 
This digging and manuring fhould always be per- 
formed about the beginning of March, at which time 
all the fuperficial or day-roots, as they are called, 
mull; be cut off, but the larger roots mull; not be in- 
jured bythefpade, &c>, therefore the ground clofe to 
the ftem of the Vines muff not be dug very deep. 
After this is done, the flakes fhould be placed down, 
one on each fide the Vines, at about fixteen inches 
from their Hems, to which the longefl bearing branches 
fhould be fattened, and one flake on each fide clofe 
to the ftem, to which the two fhorter branches fhould 
be trained upright, to furnifh wood for the fucceeding 
year. 
In the fummer they muff be carefully looked over, as 
before, rubbing off all weak dangling fhoots, and 
training the good ones to the flakes regularly, as they 
are produced ; and thofe of them which have fruit 
fhould be flopped in June, about three joints beyond 
the bunches, but the upright fhoots, which are clefign- 
ed for bearing the following year, mufl not be flop- 
ped till the middle of July, when they may be left 
about five feet long •, for if they are flopped fooner in 
the year, it will caufe them to ihoot out many dang- 
ling branches from the fides of the eyes, which wili 
not only occafion more trouble to difplace them, but 
alfo will be injurious to the eyes or buds. 
N. B. All this fummer drefiing fhould he performed with 
the thumb and finger , and not with knives , hecaufe the 
wounds made by infiruments in fummer do not heal fo foon 
as when ftopped by gently nipping the leading bud , which , 
if done before the fiooot is become woody , may be effected 
with great eafe , being very tender while young. 
When a vineyard is thus carefully breffed, it will af- 
ford as much pleafure in viewing it as any plantation 
of trees and fhrubs whatever, the rows being regu- 
lar ; and if the flakes are exaflly placed, and the up- 
right fhoots flopped to an equal height, there is no- 
thing in nature which will make a more beautiful ap- 
pearance •, and during the feafon that the Vines are in 
flower, they emit a moft grateful feent, efpecially in 
the morning and evening •, and when the Grapes be- 
gin to ripen, there will be a frefh pleaiure arifing in 
viewing of them. 
But as the beauty of vineyards arifes from the regulaf 
difpofition of the branches of the Vines, great care 
fhould be taken in their management, to train them 
regularly, and to provide every year for new wood 
to bear the fucceeding year ; becaufe the wood 
which has produced fruit is commonly cut quite away 
after the fruit is gathered, or at leaft is fhortened down 
to two eyes, to force out fhoots for the next yearj 
where there is not a fufficient number of branches up- 
on the Vine of thofe trained upright, fo that in fum- 
mer, when the Vines are in perfection, there fhould 
be fix upright fhoots trained for the next year’s wood, 
and three or four bearing branches with fruit on 
them •, more than thefe ought never to be left upon 
one Vine, for the reafons before given. 
N. B. The Auvernai, or true Burgundy Grape, is valued- 
in France before any other fort , becaufe the fruit never 
grows very clofe upon the bunches , therefore are more 
equally ripened , for which reafon it fhould alfo be prefer- 
red in England ■, though in general , thofe forts are moft 
efteemed with us that have always clofe bunches , which is 
certainly wrong \ for it may , be obferved , that the Grapes 
on fuch bunches are commonly ripe on one fide , and green 
on the other , which is a bad quality for fuch as arepreffed 
to make wine. 
I fhall now fubjoin a few forts of Vines, which are 
preferved in fome curious gardens, more for the fake 
of variety, than the value of their fruit ; thefe are, 
1. Vitis (. Indica ) foliis cordatis dentatis fubtus villofis, 
cirrhis racemiferis. Flor. Zeyl. 99. Vine with heart - 
Jhaped indented leaves , which are hairy on their under 
fide , and branching tendrils. Vitis fylveflris Indica, 
acinis rotundis. Raii Dend. 67. Wild Indian Vine , with 
round berries , 
2. Vitis ( Labrufca ) foliis cordatis lubtrilobis dentatis, 
fubtus tomentofis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 203. Vine with 
heart-fhaped indented leaves , which are almoft three-kbed . , 
and woolly on their under fide. Vitis fylveflris Virgini- 
ana. C. B. P. 299. Wild Virginia Grape , 
3. Vitis {Vulpina) foliis cordatis dentato-ferratis utrin- 
que nudis. Lin. Sp. 203. Vine with heart- ft haped, f aw- 
ed, indented leaves , which are fmooth on both fides. Vitis 
vulpina difta Virginiana nigra. Pluk. Aim. 392. The 
Virginia Fox Grape. 
4. Vitis (. Laciniatis ) foliis quinatis, foliolis multifidis. 
Hort. Cliff. 74. Vine with leaves having five lobes, and 
cut into many points. Vitis laciniatis foliis. Corn. 
Canad. 182. Vine with jagged leaves , commonly called 
the Parfiey -leaved Grape. 
5. Vitis {Arborea) foliis fupradecompofitis, foliolis la- 
teralibus pinnatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 203. Vine with 
more than decompounded leaves, and lateral winged lobes. 
Frutex fcandens petrofelini foliis, Virginiana, clavicu- 
lis donatus. Pluk. Mant. 85. Climbing Virginia Shrub 
with Farjley leaves, fending out tendrils. Reynardfo- 
nia. Rand. Ind. Hort. Chelf. Falfly called the Pepper- 
tree. 
The firfl fort grows naturally in both Indies. The 
flalks of this are woody, and fend out many flender 
branches, which are furnifhed with branching tendrils, 
by which they fallen themfelves to the neighbouring 
trees, and are thereby fupported. The leaves are 
heart-fhaped, indented on their edges, and hairy on 
their under fide. The flowers are difpofed in bunches 
like thofe of the other fpecies, and are fueceeded by 
round berries or Grapes, of an aullere tafle. 
The fecond fort hath ligneous flalks which fend out ma- 
ny branches, that fatten themfelves by tendrils to any- 
neighbouring fupport. The leaves of this are large, 
and for the moft part divided into three lobes which 
are indented on their edges. The under fide of the 
leaves is covered with a white down. The fruit is dif- 
pofed in bunches like the other Grapes. The berries 
are round and black j the juice has a rough flavour. 
The third fort has heart-fhaped leaves which are in- 
dented on their edges, and are fmooth on both fides. 
The plants climb on trees by the help of their tendrils, 
like thofe of the other forts. The fruit is difpofed in 
bunches. The berries are black, and their juice 
has a flavour refembling the feent of a fox, from 
14 1- whence 
