W A L 
in pots filled with foft loamy earth mixed with £ little 
fea fand, and if the feafon proves hot and dry, it will 
be proper to place the pots where they may have only 
the morning fun, until the offsets have put out new 
roots, for when they are expofed to the full fun, the 
earth will dry too fail, and if the roots are much wa- 
tered, they are apt to rot ; after they have taken new 
root, they may be placed in a fheltered fituation, 
where they may enjoy the full fun. In this place 
they may remain till there is danger of frofty morn- 
ings ; then the pots fhould be placed in a hot-bed 
frame, with the Ixias, and other bulbous and tuberofe- 
rooted plants from the Cape of Good Hope, and treated 
in the fame manner as hath been directed for them. 
The fecond fort is alfo a native of the fame country 
with the jfirft, but is of fmaller growth ; the root is 
in fhape like that of the former, fending out feveral 
plaited leaves about fix inches long, having three deep 
longitudinal veins in each ; in the center of the leaves 
the flower-ftalk arifes, which is a foot high, fending 
out one or two fide branches ; the lower part of the 
ftaik is of a purple colour, the upper is green and 
hairy ; the foot-ftalks of the flowers come out at the 
joints of the ftalk, fuftaining two or three flowers of 
a pale purple colour. Thele appear in the beginning 
of Auguft, and are fucceeded by capfules, but the 
feeds rarely ripen in England. 
This fort requires the fame culture as the former, and 
is equally hardy. 
WALKS are made either of gravel, fand, or Grafs •, 
thefe three forts of Walks are the moft common in 
England, but where gravel or fand cannot be pro- 
cured, they are fometimes laid with powdered coal, 
fea-coal afhes, and fometimes df powdered brick, but 
thefe are rarely ufed, when either gravel or fand can 
be procured •, however, where fea-coal allies can be 
had, it is preferable to the powdered coal or bricks, 
becaufe they bind very hard, and never Hick to the 
feet in frofty weather, which is a good quality ; but 
the darknefs of its colour has been an objection to 
the ufe of it in gardens, however, for the wildernefs 
Walks I think it is preferable to moft other materials ; 
but I ftiall proceed to give directions for the making of 
the feveral forts of Walks, and firftof the gravel Walks. 
In order to the laying of Walks in gardens, when 
they are marked out. the earth fhould be taken away 
to a certain depth, that the bottom of them be filled 
with fome lime rubbifh, or coarfe gravel, flint-ftones, 
or other rocky materials, which will be ferviceable to 
prevent weeds from growing through the gravel, and 
alfo to keep away worm-cafts. This bottom fhould 
be laid ten inches or a foot thick, over which the 
coat of gravel fhould be fix or eight inches, which 
gravel fhould be very fine, but yet not fcreened, 
becaufe that fpoils it. This fhould be laid on a heap, 
rounding, that the larger rough ftones may run down 
on the fides, which being every now and then raked 
off, the gravel by that means will be fufficiently fine. 
After the gravel has been laid to the thicknefs above- 
mentioned, then the Walks muft be exactly levelled, 
and raked true from all great drips, as well as little 
holes. By this means moft of the ftones of the Walks 
will be raked under your feet, which fhould rather 
be gently fprinlded back again, over the laft length 
that is raked, then buried (as is the practice of many 
gardeners •,) by this means the Walk will lie much 
harder, and the coarfefc ftones will very much contri- 
bute to its firmnefs. 
There is alfo a great fault committed frequently, in 
laying Walks too round, and fome to that degree, 
that they cannot be walked on with that eafe and plea- 
iure that ought to be ; and befides, this too great 
rounding takes off much from the feeming breadth 
and beauty of the Walk. 
The common allowance for a gravel Walk of five feet 
breadth, is an inch rife in the crown ; fo that if a 
Walk be twenty feet wide, according to this propor- 
tion, it will be four inches higher in the middle than 
on each fide ; and a Walk of twenty-five feet will be 
five inches, one of twenty feet four inches, and fo on. 
W A L 
When a Walk has been thus carefully laid, trodden 
down, and raked, or rather, after every length or 
part of it (which commonly is about fifteen feet each,) 
then it fhould be rolled well, both in length and alfo 
crofs-ways. The perfon who rolls it fhould wear fhoes 
with flat heels, that he may not make holes in the 
Walks, for when thefe are once made in a new Walk, 
it will not be eafy to roll them out again. 
In order to lay gravel Walks firm, it will be neceflary 
to give them three or four water rollings, that is, 
they muft be rolled when it rains fo very faft, that the 
Walks fwim with water ; this will caufe the gravel to 
bind, lb that when the Walks come to be dry, they 
will be as hard as terrace. 
Iron-mould gravel is accounted the beft for binding, 
or gravel with a little binding loam amongft it; which 
latter, though it be apt to flick to the heels of fhoes 
in hot wet weather, yet nothing binds better in dry 
weather. 
When the gravel is over-fandy or fnarp, loam is fre- 
quently mixed with it, which, if they be caft toge- 
ther in heaps, and well mixed, will bind like a rock ; 
whereas, loole gravel is as uncomfortable and uneafy to 
walk on, as any other fault in a Walk can render it. 
The beft gravel for Walks is fuch as abounds with 
fmooth pebbles (as is that dug at Black-heath,) which, 
being mixed with a due proportion of loam, will bind 
like a rock, and is never injured by wet or dry wea- 
ther, and the pebbles being fmooth, are not liable to 
be turned up, and loofened by the feet in walking, 
as are thofe which are angular and rough •, for where 
Walks are laid with fuch gravel as is full of irregular 
ftones, they appear unfightly in a day’s time after 
rolling, becaufe the ftones will rife upon the furface 
whenever they are walked upon, but the fmooth peb- 
bles will remain handfome two or three days without 
rolling. 
Gravel Walks are not only very neceflary near the 
ho ufe, but there fhould always be one carried quite 
round the garden, becaufe, being foon dry after rain, 
they are proper for walking on in all leafons ; but 
then thefe fhould be but few, and thofe adjoining to 
the houfe ought to be large and magnificent, propor- 
tionable to the grandeur of the houfe and garden. 
The principal of thefe walks fhould be elevated, and 
carried parallel with the houfe, fo as to form a terrace; 
this fhould extend itfelf each way, in proportion to 
the width of the garden, fo that from this there may 
be a communication with the fide Walks, without go- 
ing on the Grafs, that there may be a dry Walk con- 
tinued quite through the gardens ; but there is not a 
more ridiculous fight, than that of a ftrait gravel Walk, 
leading to the front of the houfe, interfering the 
Grafs, fo as to make it 'appear like the ltiff formal 
Grafs plats frequently made in little court-yards by 
perfons of low tafte. 
Grafs Walks in gardens were formerly in great efteem, 
and looked upon as neceflary ornaments to a garden, 
but of late years they have juftly been ban i fired by 
every perfon of true tafte ; for thofe narrow flips of 
Grafs were very unfightly, and far from being orna- 
mental, and for the moft part ufelefs, being generally 
too damp for perfons of tender conftitutions to walk 
upon ; and whenever they were constantly ufed, they 
became bare in the places frequently trodden, fo were 
rendered more unfightly ; and as the intention of 
Walks in gardens is to have at all feafons a dry com- 
munication throughout the garden, for exercife and 
recreation, Grafs Walks were very improper, becaufe 
every fhower of rain made them fo wet, as not to be 
fit for ufe a confiderable time, and the dews rendered 
them too damp for ufe either in the morning or even- 
ing; and if the Grafs of Walks is not very fine and 
fhort, like that of the downs, it will be very trouble- 
fome to walk upon ; befides, whenever the ground 
is fo dry, as that perfons may with fafety walk upon 
Grafs, the lawns and other parts of verdure in gar- 
dens are better adapted for ufe than any of thofe 
formal ftiff Walks, which were fo much efteemed in 
the laft age. 
14 N 
Having 
