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convenient fattening the branches of the trees : the 
timbers of thefe efpaliers need not be more than an 
inch and a half thick, and about two inches and a half 
broad ; thefe should be fixed crofs each other, at about 
four inches diftance •, for if they are at a much greater 
diftance, it will be difficult to fatten the fhoots of the 
trees properly. As this trellis will be laid clofe to the 
wall, the branches of the trees will lie about two inches 
from the wall, in which pofition the fruit will ripen 
better than when it lies quite dole to the wall •, fo 
that where ftone Walls are built, there fhould always 
be thefe efpaliers framed againtt them, which will ren- 
der thefeWalls very good for fruit trees, which, without 
the efpaliers, feldorn are found to anfwer the purpofe 
of ripening the fruits well, befides the inconvenience 
of having no good fattening for the branches of the 
trees. 
There have been feveral trials made of Walls built in 
different forms j fome of them having been built fe- 
micircular, others in angles of various forms, and 
projefling more towards the north, to fcreen off the 
cold winds •, but there has not been any method as yet 
which has fucceeded near fo well, as that of making 
the Walls ftrait, and building them upright. 
The faireft trial which I have feer; made of circular 
Walls, was at Goodwood in 3 hex, the feat of the 
Duke of Richmond, where, in the middle of two 
fouth Wails, there were two large fi gments of cir- 
cles, in which were the fame forts of fruit-trees plant- 
ed, as againft the ffrait parts of the Walls ; but there 
never was any fruit upon the trees in the circular part 
of the Walls, which came to maturity ; nor were the 
trees of long continuance, being blighted every fpring, 
and in a few years were totally deliroyed ; and when 
the branches of thofe trees which grew upon the 
ftrait parts of the Walls, had extended themfelvesfo 
far, as to admit of their being led into the circular 
parts of the Walls, they were conftantly blighted and 
killed. 
When the trees which had been planted in the circu- 
lar parts were deftroyed, the Walls were filled with 
Vines ; but the Grapes of the fame fort were a full 
month later than thofe growing againft the ftrait parts 
of the Walls, fo that they rarely ripened, which occa- 
fioned their being rooted out, and Figs were afterwards 
planted, but the fruit of thefe fucceeded little better ; 
nor can it be fuppofed that any trees or plants will 
thrive fo well in thefe circles, where there is a con- 
ftant draught of air round them, which renders the 
fituation much colder than the open free air. 
I have alfo feen at Mr. Le Cour’s garden in Holland, 
fome Walls built in angles of different forms, but 
thefe fucceeded no better than the circles before-men- 
tioned ; for I did not find one tree in health againft 
the Walls, nor did they produce fruit. 
There are feveral other fchemes which have been 
propofed by different perfons, for the building of 
Walls to accelerate the ripening of fruits, among 
which there was a very ingenious book written fome 
years ago, intitled. Fruit Walls improved, by inclining 
them to the horizon ; in which the author has ftiewn 
by calculation that there will be a much greater num- 
ber of the rays of the fun fall upon fuch Walls, than 
upon thole which are built perpendicular ; and from 
thence he has drawn calculations, that Walls fo built will 
be of great fervice in the accelerating of fruit ; and he 
lias taken the trouble of calculating the different in- 
clinations which luch Walls fhould have in the diffe- 
rent climates, in order to receive the greateft number 
of the fun’s rays. This theory feems to have all the 
demonftration neceffary for its fupport, but upon trial 
they have not fucceeded in the leaft; for as thefeWalls 
muit be built againft banks of earth, the damps which 
arife from the ground overbalance the advantage of 
the fun’s rays •, befides, thefe Hoping Walls being more 
expofed to the cold dews in the night, the fruit will 
be much more chilled thereby ; and in the fpring the 
morning frofts will prove much more deftruftive to 
the tender bloffoms of the fruit-trees, as they will be 
more expofed to them, than againft an upright Wall ; 
yf. y? «• 4 
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add tt> this, their being much more expofed to ih| 
winds and the rain ; and it will be found, by corn* 
paring the advantages propofed from thefe Walls* 
with the difadvantages to which the fruit-trees will be 
expofed, that upright W alls will have the preference 5 
for it is not the ftrongefl rays of the fun in the heat 
of fummer, which are fo much wanting for ripening 
of fruit, as the continuance of a moderate fhare of 
warmth ; and above all, the having of the fun in a 
morning, to dry off the cold dews of the night early, 
is of the greateft ufe; and in this refpedt the upright 
Walls are much preferable to the Hoping, as they will 
have the.diredl rays of the fun in the morning, which 
will be oblique on the other, and renders thofe Walls 
which are built inclining to the eaft preferable to 
fouthWalls, as the fruit will always ripen earlier againft 
them. 
There are fome perfons who recommend the painting 
of Walls black, or of a dark colour, as they fuppofe 
the dark colour will imbibe more of the fun’s rays, 
fo will retain the warmth longer ; this alfo anfwers 
better in theory than in pradice ; for although it muft 
be allowed that a black Wall is warmer to the touch 
than a common brick wall, yet, as the fruit generally 
is-fituated at a fmall diftance from the Wall, it receives 
no benefit from the warmth of the Wall, and it is the 
refleded heat which accelerates the ripening of fruit; 
therefore I would advife every one to make fair trials 
of thefe things, before they put them in pradice, and 
not to take upon truft what they may be told by per- 
fons who are too fanguine in recommending to others 
fchemes which they have adopted upon very flight 
principles, or perhaps upon a Angle trial ; this paint- 
ing of the Walls is recommended by the fame perfon 
who wrote upon inclining Walls, and he has propofed 
this upon the fame principles 5 but the introducing of 
thefe fchemes fhould be avoided, until there have been 
fufficient trials made to warrant their ufe. 
Where perfons are willing to be at the expence, in 
the building of their Walls fubftantial, they will find it 
anfwer much better than thofe which are flightly built, 
not only in their duration, but alfo in their warmth ; 
therefore a Wall two bricks thick, will be found to an- 
fwer better than one brick and a half ; and if in the 
building of garden Walls they are grouted with foft 
mortar, to fill and clofe all the joints, the Walls wi l 
be much ftronger, and the air will not fo eafily pene- 
trate through them, as it does through thofe which are 
built in the common way. 
According to the modern tafce in gardening, there 
are very few Walls built round gardens, which is cer- 
tainly very right, not only with regard to the pleafure 
of viewing the neighbouring country from the garden, 
but alfo in regard to the expence, 1. Of buildino- thefe 
Walls ; 2. If they are planted with fruit, as is frequent- 
ly pradtifed, tomaintain them will be a conftant charge, 
without receiving much profit or pleafure ; for when 
there is too much Walling planted with fruit-trees, 
they are feldorn taken much care of-, fo that the quan- 
tity of fruit produced will be fmall, and that ill-nou- 
rifhed and bad tailed, therefore the quantity of Wall- 
ing fhould be proportioned to the fruit confumed in 
the family ; but as it will be neceffary to inclofe the 
kitchen-garden for the fecurity of the garden-fluff, ib 
if that be walled round, it will contain as much fruit 
as will ufually be wanted in the family ; becaufe the 
kitchen-garden is always proportioned to the number 
of perfons maintained ; but if the quantity of Walling 
which furrounds the kitchen-garden fhould be judged 
too little for the fupply of fruit, there may be 3 crofs 
Wall built through the middle of the kitchen-garden ; 
or, where the fize of the garden will admits there 
may be two crofs Walls built 5 but this muft not be 
done, where there is not room to place the Walls at 
leaft eighty or one hundred feet afunder ; and if they 
are allowed a much greater diftance it will be better ; 
and as the kitchen-garden fhould always be placed out 
of fight from the houfe, the Walls may be hid by 
plantations of trees, at fome little diftance, which 
will be of ufe in flickering the fruit. 
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