The heft afped for Walls in England is, to have one 
point to the eaftward of the lbuth, for thefe will en- 
joy the benefit of the morning fun, and will be lefs ex- 
pofed to the weft and fouth-weft winds (which are 
very injurious to fruits in England) than thofe Walls 
which are built due fouth. I know there are many 
perfons who objed to the turning of W alls theleaft 
point to the eaft, on account of the blights which 
they fay come from that quarter in the fpring ; but 
from many years experience and obfervation I can 
affirm, that blights as often attack thofe Walls which 
are open to the fouth-weft, as thofe which are built to 
any other afped •, and I believe, whoever will be at 
the trouble to obferve for feven years, which afpeded 
Walls fuffermoft from blights, will find thofe which 
are built with a point to the eaftward of the fouth, as 
feldom blighted, as thofe which are turned to any 
other afped; therefore, in the contrivance of a 
kitchen-garden, there fhould be as great length of 
thefe Walls built, as the fituation of the ground will 
admit. 
The next beft afped is due fouth, and the next to that 
fouth-eaft, which is preferable to the fouth-weft, for 
the reafons before affigned ; but as there will, for the 
moft part, be fouth-weft, and weft W alls in every gar- 
den, thefe may be planted with fome forts of fruit, 
which do not require fo much heat to ripen them, as 
thofe defigned for the beft Walls •, but wherever there 
are north Walls, thofe will only be proper for baking 
Pears, Plums, and Morello Cherries for preferving, or 
fortieDukeCherries may be plantedagainft thefeWalls, 
to continue them longer in the feafon, which will be 
found ufeful in fupplying the table till Peaches, Nec- 
tarines, and Plums, are ripe. 
Where perfons are very curious to have good fruit, 
they ered a trellis againft their Walls, which projeds 
about two inches from them, to which they faften 
their trees ; which is an excellent method, becaufe 
the fruit will be at a proper diftance from the Walls, 
fo as not to be injured by them, and will have all the 
advantage of their heat ; and by this method the Walls 
will not be injured by driving nails into their joints, 
which by every year being drawn out, draws out the 
mortar from between the bricks, and thereby makes 
holes, in which fnails and other vermin will harbour 
and deftroy the fruit, and the Walls will be alfo 
greatly impaired. 
Thefe trellififes may be contrived according to the forts 
of fruit which are planted againft them. Thofe which 
are defigned for Peaches, Nedarines, and Apricots 
(which, for the moft part, produce their fruit on the 
young wood) ffiould have their rails three, or at moft 
four inches afunder every way ; but for the other 
forts of fruit, which continue bearing on the old 
wood, they may be five or fix inches apart, and thofe 
for Vines may be eight or nine inches diftance. For 
as the fhoots of Vines are always trained at a much 
greater diftance than thofe of any other fort of fruit, 
the trelliffes for thefe need not be near fo dole, efpe- 
cially as thofe muft for Peaches and Nedarines, whofe 
fhoots are generally fhortened to aboutfive or fix inches 
or lefs ; fo that if the rails are not pretty dole, many 
of the ftiort branches cannot be fattened to them. 
Thefe trelliffes may be made of any fort of timber, ac- 
cording to the expence which the owner is willing to 
beftow ; but Fir is moft commonly ufed for this pur- 
pofe, which if made of yellow deal, well dried and 
painted, will laft many years ; but if any perfon will 
go to the expence of Oak, it will laft found much 
longer, efpecially if the trees are fallen in winter. 
And if any one is unwilling to be at the expence 
of either, then a trellis may be made of Afh 
poles, in the fame manner as is pradifed in making 
efpaliers for counter borders, with this difference only, 
that every fourth upright rail or poft fhould be very 
ftrong, and fattened with iron hooks to the Wall, which 
will fupport the whole ; and as thefe rails muft be 
laid much clofer together, than is generally pradifed 
for efpaliers, thefe ftrong upright rails or pofts fhould 
not be farther diftantthan three, or at moft four feet 
from each other. To thefe the crofs rails which are 
laid horizontally fhould be well nailed, which will fc- 
cure them from being difplaced, and alfo ftrength- 
en the trellis, but the other fmaller upright poles 
need only be fattened with wire. To thefe 1 trel- 
liffes the fhoots of the trees fhould be fattened with 
ofier twigs, rope-yarn, or any other foft bandage, 
for they muft not be nailed to it, becaufe that will de- 
cay the wood-work. 
Thefe trelliffes need not be ereded until the trees are 
well fpread, and begin to bear fruit plentifully ; be- 
fore which time the young trees may be trained up 
againft any ordinary low efpaliers, made only of a few 
flender Afh poles, or any other flender flicks ; by 
which contrivance the trelliffes will be new when the 
trees come to bearing, and will laft many years after 
the trees have overfpread them ; whereas, when they 
are made before the trees are planted, they will be 
half decayed before the trees attain half their growth. 
Where thefe trelliffes are intended to be made againft 
new Walls, it will be proper to fatten fome ftrong iron 
hooks into the Wall as it is built, at the diftance which 
the upright pofts are intended to be placed ; becaufe 
when thefe are afterwards driven into the Wall, they 
difplace the mortar in the joints, and injure the Wall. 
In the building of the Walls round a kitchen- garden, 
the inftdes, which are defigned to be planted with 
fruit-trees, fhould be made as plain as poffible, fo that 
the piers fhould not project on thofe fides above four 
inches at moft-, and thefe fhould be placed about 
fourteen feet afunder, in fuch Walls as are defigned 
for Peach and Nedarine-trees ; fo that each tree may 
be planted exactly in the middle between the piers, 
which will render them more lightly, and be better for 
the trees ; but where Apricots, Plums, or Cherries 
are to be planted, the piers may be only ten feet 
afunder ; and againft every other pier the trees ffiould 
be planted, which will allow them fufficient room to 
fpread ; as the trellis will projed as forward as the 
piers, the branches of the trees may be trained on a 
plain ; but when the piers projed no more on the in- 
fide of the garden, they fhould be built ftronger on 
theoutfide, for the better fupporting of the Walls. 
The ufual thicknefs which garden Walls are allowed, 
if built with bricks, is thirteen inches, which is one 
brick and a half, but this ffiould be proportionable 
to the height ; for if they are built twelve or fourteen 
feet high or more, as is often pradifed, then the 
foundations of the Walls ffiould be at leaf!: two bricks 
and a half thick, and brought up a foot or more above 
the level of the lurface of the ground, of the fame 
thicknefs ; then they fhouid be fet off two inches on 
each fide, which will reduce them to two bricks ; and 
five or fix feet above the furface of the ground, they 
may be diminifhed on each fide, to reduce them to 
the thicknefs of a brick and a half ; which muft be 
continued to the top of the Walls, and the piers in thefe 
high Walls fhould alfo be proportionably ftronger than 
is commonly allowed to lower Walls ; for as thefe will 
be much more expofed to ftrong gales of wind, if they 
are not well built, they will be in danger of being 
blown down ; therefore the piers of thefe Walls fhould 
be projected the length of a brick on their back- 
fide, and the thicknefs of a brick on their front ; 
and if thefe are built about ten or twelve feet afun- 
der, they will greatlyftrengthen the Walls. 
But there is no neceffity for building Walls higher than 
nine or ten feet, unlefs it be for Pears, which, if pro- 
perly managed, v/ill fpread over a great compafs of 
walling ; but as only fome of the lateft winter Pears 
require the afiiftance of a Wall, there need no more 
but that part of the Wall where thefe are defigned to 
be built higher ; for Peaches and Nedarines never re- 
quire a Wail higher than nine or ten feet, provided 
they are rightly managed ; becaufe whenever they are 
carried to a greater height, the lower part of the Wall 
is unfurnifhed with bearing branches ; and although 
Apricots, Plums, and Cherries will frequently grow 
higher, yet, if they are planted at a proper diftance, 
and the branches trained horizontally from the bottom, 
, they 
