W A L 
they will not foon cover a Wall of this height •, and 
Vines may be kept as low as any fort of fruit, for 
when they are planted againft low Walls, they mull 
be treated fomewhat after the fame manner as thofe 
in vineyards, which is, to cut out the greateft part of 
the wood which produced fruit the preceding year, 
and train in new fhoots for the next year’s bearing, 
which are rarely left a yard in length, therefore will 
not require very high Walls. 
If the Pears which are defigned to be planted, are al- 
lowed a fouth-weft afpeft, on which they will ripen' 
very well, then the Wall to this afpeft fhould be built 
fourteen feet high or more •, for as thefe trees fpread 
very far when on free flocks, they fhould not be 
fhortened and flopped in their growth, which will 
prevent their bearing, by caufing them to fend out a 
great number of grofs luxuriant (hoots, which will ne- 
ver produce fruit ; therefore thefe fhould never be 
planted amongfl other forts of fruit-trees which are of 
lefs growth, becaufe then the Walls mull appear very 
unlightly, in having fome trees planted more than 
double the diflance which the others require ; fo that 
there is no other fort of fruit which requires the aflift- 
ance of Walls to ripen their fruit, which need fo great 
room for fpreading as Pears, except it be Figs, a few 
trees of which may be planted againfl the fame Walls 
where there is room •, though thefe may be planted 
againfl the back Walls of offices or flables, where 
there is conveniency, becaufe this fruit is feldom co- 
veted by fervants ; and being planted in places which 
are much frequented, they will not be in fo much dan- 
ger of being deftroyed by birds, as thofe which are in 
private places. But I fhall now proceed to give fome 
directions for the building of hot Walls, to accelerate 
the ripening of fruits, which is now pretty much 
pra&ifed in England. 
In fome places thefe Walls are built at a very great ex- 
pence, and fo contrived as to confume a great quan- 
tity of fuel; but where they are judicioufly built, the 
firft expence will not be near fo great, nor will the 
charge of fuel be very confiderable, becaufe there will 
be no neceffity of making fires more than three or four 
months, beginning about the midde are latter end of 
January, and ending by the end of May, when there 
will be no want of fires, if the glafies are dole fnut 
every night, or in bad weather ; for half an hour’s 
fun-ffiine on the glafies at that feafon will fufficiently 
warm the air inclofed in the glafies, for the growth of 
any of our European fruits. 
There are fome perfons who plant Vines, and other 
fruit-trees by the fides of ftoves, and draw fome of 
their branches into the ftove, in order to obtain early 
fruit ; but this is by no means right, where the ftove is 
defigned for Ananas, becaufe the air mull be kept much 
warmer for them than is required for any of the other 
fruits, fo that they can never fucceed well together; for 
when there is only a fufficient quantity of air admitted 
for the growth of the other fruit, the Ananas are 
ftarved for want of proper heat ; and fo on the con- 
trary, when the ftove is kept up to the proper heat 
for the Ananas, it will be too hot for other fruits ; and 
it will alfo be proper to have the Vines on a particu- 
lar Wall by themfelves, becaufe thefe require to have 
a greater fiiare of air admitted to them when they 
begin to fhoot, than fome other forts of fruit, fo 
that it is by much the better method to have them 
feparate. 
The ordinary height of thofe hot Walls is about ten 
feet, which will be fufficient for any of thofe forts 
of fruits which are generally forced ; for by forcing 
of the trees, they are commonly weakened in their 
growth, fo that they wfil not grow fo vigoroufly as 
thofe which are always expofed to the open air ; and 
where there is not a quantity of Walling planted fuf- 
ficient to let one part reft every other year, the trees 
will never be very healthy, and will laft but a few years. 
The quantity of Walling to produce early fruit for a 
middling family, cannot be lefs than eighty or one 
hundred feet in length ; therefore where a perfon is 
defirous to have the fruit in perfection, and the trees 
W A L 
to continue in a good condition many years, there 
fiiould be three times this quantity of Walling built j 
fo that by dividing it into three parts, there will be I'ifcd 
years for the trees to recover their vigour between the 
times of their being forced, whereby a greater quan- 
tity of bearing wood may be obtained, and the fruit 
will be fairer, and in larger quantities, than when 
they are forced every year, or every other year ; and 
as the glafies may be contrived fo as to move from 
one to the other, the expence of building the Walls 
fo much longer, will not be very great, becaufe the 
frames and glafies will be the lame as for one year’s 
fruit. 
The foundations of thefe Walls fiiould be made four 
bricks and a half thick, in order to fupport the flues ; 
otherwife, if part of them reft on brick-work, and 
the other part on the ground, they will fettle une- 
qually, and foon be out of order ; for wherever there 
happen any cracks in the flues, through which the 
fmoke can make its el'cape, it will prevent their draw- 
ing ; and if the fmoke gets within the glafies, it will 
greatly injure the fruit, and give it a fmoky taite. 
This thicknefs of Wall need not be continued more 
than fix inches above the ground, where fhould 
be the foundation or bottom of the firft flue, which 
will be fufficient to raife it above the damps of 
the earth ; then the Walls may be fet off four inches on 
each fide, which will reduce it to the thicknefs of 
three bricks and a half, fo that the back Wall may be 
two bricks thick, which is abfolutely neceflary to 
throw the heat out more in front ; for when the back 
Walls are built too thin, the heat will efcape through 
them. The Wall in front next to the fruit, fiiould 
be only four inches thick, v/hereby there will be al- 
lowance of nine inches for the flues, which may be 
covered with twelve inch tiles ; for if they have an 
inch and a half bearing on each fide, it will be fufficient. 
The ovens in which the fires are made, muft be con- 
trived on the backfide of the Walls, which fhould be 
in number proportionable to the length of the Walls. 
The length ufually allowed for each fire to warm is 
forty feet, though they will do very well for fifty- 
feet ; but I would not advife the flues to be longer 
than this to each fire, becaufe when the ovens are 
made at a great diflance, there is a neceffity of making 
the fires fomuch flronger to warm the Walls, which 
will occafion the heat to be too violent near the fires. 
Thefe ovens fhould be fhedded over, to keep out the 
wind and rain, otherwife the fires will not bum 
equally. Some people make thefe fheds of timber, 
but it is much better to build them of brick, and tile 
them over, becaufe the wooden fheds will in a few 
years decay, and afterwards be a conftant charge to 
keep them in repair ; and befides they may be in dan- 
ger of firing, if great care is not conftantly taken of 
the fires. As it is abfolutely neceflary to have the: 
ovens below the foundation of the firft flues, there 
muft be fteps down into the fheds, to come to the 
mouth of the ovens to fupply the fuel, therefore the 
fheds fhould not be narrower than eight feet in the 
clear ; for as the fteps will require four feet fpace, 
there fhould be at leaft four feet more for the perfon 
who attends the fire, to have room to turn himfelf to 
clear out the allies, and to put in the fuel. Where 
the length of Walling requires two ovens, it will be 
proper to have them in the middle included in one 
fhed, which will fave expence, and allow more room 
to attend the fires ; for in this cafe the fheds muft be 
at leaft ten feet long, and they need not be more than 
fix in breadth. The fteps down into thefe fhould be 
at one end, fo that the door opening into the fheds will 
not be oppofite to the mouths of the ovens, therefore 
the fires will burn more regular ; for whenever the 
doors are contrived to front the mouth of the ovens, 
if the wind fets directly againft them, it will caufe the 
fire to bum too fiercely, and the fuel will be foon Con- 
fumed. 
Thefe ovens may be contrived in the fame manner as 
thofe which are already defcribed for ftoves, where- 
fore I fhall not repeat it again in this place ; but 
1 4 O' mult 
• - cm 
V * . ' - ’'V ! 
