foot-ftalks-, clofe to the wings of the leaves ; thefe ap- 
pear in June, July, and Auguft, and the feeds ripen 
in autumn. 
Thefe plants are propagated by feeds, which muft 
be fown on a hot-bed ; and when the plants are fit to 
1 transplant, they muft be each planted into a feparate 
fmall pot, and plunged into a frefh hot-bed, and af- 
terward treated in the fame manner as other tender 
plants of the fame country, for they muft be kept in 
the bark-ftove, otherwife they will not thrive in Eng- 
land. The fecond year the plants will flower and 
produce good feeds, but the plants may be continued 
three or four years if they are often fhifted, and the 
roots pared, to keep them within compafs •, for if they 
are permitted to remain long undifturbed in the tan- 
bed, their roots will run out through the holes in the 
bottom of the pots, and extend to a great diftance in 
the tan •, and when this happens, if their roots are 
torn, or cut off, the plants feldom furvive it. When 
the plants root into the tan, they grow very luxuriant, 
and cannot be kept.within reafpnable compafs ; but on 
their roots being difturbed, their branches will hang, 
and their leaves flirivel up and drop off; therefore, 
to keep thefe plants within bounds, they fhould be 
drawn up out of the tan at leaft once in fix weeks, 
during thediimmer feafon, and the plants fhifted out 
of the pots once in two months ; with this manage- 
ment the two laft forts may be continued feveral years, 
but the firft feldom lives longer than two years. 
WARNERA. Hydraftis. Lin. Gen. 704. 
The Characters are, 
! The flower hath no empalement , hut conjifls of three oval 
regular petals , including a great number of linear com- 
preffed Jla?nina which arc Jhorter than the petals , termi- 
nated by obtufe comprejfed fummits. It hath many ger- 
men collected into an oval head , having fhort flyles , crowned 
by broad comprejfed ftigmas. Yhe germen becomes one 
berry , compofed of many oblong acini like Strawberries , in- 
cluding one oblong feed in each. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, which contains thole 
plants whofe flowers have many male and female or- 
gans of generation. 
The tide of this genus is given to it in honour of 
Richard Warner, Efq; of Woodford-row, Effex, who 
is a very curious botanift, and a great collector of 
growing plants. 
We know but one Species of this plant at prefent, 
viz. 
Warnera ( ’Canaderjis .) Warner a , or Yellow Root. Hy- 
draftis. Lin. Sp. 784. Water Herb. 
This plant grows naturally in Canada, and feveral 
other parts of North America; the root is compofed 
of thick flelhy tubers of a deep yellow colour within, 
but covered by a brown fkin, fending out fibres from 
feveral parts in the fpring ; it fends up one or two 
foot-ftalks about nine inches high, on which are one 
or two lobated leaves on the fide, which are compofed 
of hand-lhaped leaves, which are fawed on their bor- 
ders ; the foot-ftalk is terminated by one flower, com-, 
pofed of three oval white petals, including many fta- 
rnina and ftyles, and is fucceeded by a fruit compofed 
of many acini like thofe of Strawberries, which when 
ripe, change to a red colour ; it flowers in May, and 
the fruit is ripe in July. 
This plant is pretty uncommon in the Englifli gar- 
dens, where it does not increafe much ; it delights in 
great fhade and moifture ; for when it is planted in 
dry ground, or much expofed to the fun, it rarely 
lives through one fummer. Therefore it fhould be 
planted in a moift loamy foil, in a fhady fituation, 
where it fhould remain undifturbed three or four years. 
W A T E R is one of the maft confiderable requifites be- 
longing to a garden : if a garden be without it, it 
brings a certain mortality upon whatfoever is planted. 
By waterings the great droughts in fummer are al- 
layed, which would infallibly burn up moft plants, 
had we not the help of Water to qualify the exceffive 
heats ; befides, as to noble feats, the beauty that 
Water will add, in making jets d’eau, and cafcades, 
which are fome of the nobleft ornaments of a garden, 
if rightly placed. I final! firft take notice of the qua- 
lities of Water, with the feveral opinions of the moft 
eminent phiiofophers thereon, and then take notice 
of the beauty which large pieces of Water add to fuch 
leats as are conveniently fituated for them. 
Sir Ifaac Newton defines Water (when pure) to 'be a 
very fluid lalt, volatile, and void of all favour and 
tafte ; and it leems to con fill of fmall, hard, porous, 
fpherical particles of equal diameters, and equal fpe- 
cific gravities ; and alio that there are between them 
fpaces io large, and ranged in fuch a manner, as to be 
pervious on all fides. 
Their fmoothnefs accounts for their Aiding eafily over 
the furfaces of one another. 
Their fphericity keeps them from touching one ano- 
ther in more points than one* and by both thefe, their 
fri&ions, in Aiding over one another, are rendered 
the leaft poffible. 
The hardnefs of them accounts for the incomprdJi- 
bility of Water, when it is free from the intermixture 
of air. 
The porofity of Water is fo very great, that there is 
at leaft forty times as much fpace as matter in it, for 
Water is nineteen times fpecifically lighter than gold, 
and of confequence rarer in the fame proportion ; but 
gold will, by preffure, let Water pafs through its 
pores, and therefore may be fuppofed to have (at leaft) 
more pores than folid parts. 
Monf. Le Clerc fays there are thefe things obfervable 
in Water, which naturaiifts ftudy to know, and ac- 
count for : 
1. It is tranfparent; becaufe, as lotne are of opinion, 
it confifts of flexible particles like ropes, which are 
not fo clofe as to leave no pores, nor fo entangled, 
but that there are right lines enough to tranfmit the 
fight. 
For fince the particles are not joined clofe together, 
and in perpetual motion, the very particles of light 
eafily pafs through their right lines, unleis the Water 
be very deep, or put into motion by fome outward 
caufe ; then, indeed, the tranfparency of Water is 
very much obftruded, and it looks of a cloudy obfcure 
colour, as it is obvious to fight in a rough fea, for 
at fuch a time the vehement agitation of the Water 
difturbs their pores, and fpoiis their ftraitnefs. 
2. Water is liquid, but capable of being fixed. Wa- 
ter feems to be liquid for the fame reafon that other 
bodies are fo ; for fince the particles of it are flexible 
like ropes, and leave pores between one another, 
which are filled with finer matter ; when this matter 
is put into a vehement commotion, the particles are 
eafily tolled about every where ; yet when the motion 
of this reftlefs matter is reftrained, as it is in winter, 
then the Water congeals into ice, whether this comes 
of cold only, or there be, befides, nitrous particles, 
which fall out of the air at that time, and with their 
rigidnefs fix the watery ones. 
3. It may be made hot or cold, the particles of Wa- 
ter being, as has before been faid, ice, are foon dil- 
folved by the motion of thofe of fire ; for the particles 
of fire, getting into the pores of the ice, mightily 
ftiake the fine flexible particles of it, and reftore them 
to their former motion in a little time. 
But, if this Water be fet in cold air, the fiery parti- 
cles will foon vanilh, and the Water become as cold 
as before. 
4. Water eafily evaporates by the heat of fire or air. 
This is becaufe its particles are quickly feparated, and 
got into motion ; fo that the airy particles eafily carry 
thofe of the Water about with them. 
5. It is heavy, if compared with air, and fome other 
bodies, but much heavier than air. It has been fhewn, 
by various experiments, that the gravity of the air in 
the place where we live, is to that of Water, as one to 
eight hundred, or fomething more ; fo that Water is 
eight hundred times heavier than air. And for this 
reafon a bladder, or any other thing, filled with air, 
can 
