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Without order-, fo that many times the large ft are 
next the fight, and fm all ones behind them, juft ac- 
cording as it happens, in which manner the final! ones, 
being overhung and (haded, feldom thrive well. 
But in order to plant a Wildernefs with judgment, 
the ufual growth of ail the different forts of trees 
fhouid be well confidered, that each may be placed 
according to the magnitude to which they generally 
arrive -, otherwife, if they are at firft planted one above 
another, as before directed, they will not continue to 
grow in this order many years -, for fome forts will 
greatly outgrow the others, and thereby render the 
plantation lefs beautiful but when they are placed ac- 
cording to their ufual manner of growing, they will 
always continue nearly in the fame order, which ren- 
ders them very entertaining to the fight. 
Thefe trees (hould alfo be allowed a proportionable 
diftance, according to their growth, and not be 
crowded fo dole as is commonly pra&ifed, whereby 
there are four times the number of trees planted which 
need be -, and this clofe planting caufes them to afpire 
to a great height, but then they want the noble dif- 
fufion of branches, which is vaftly more agreeable to 
the fight, than a parcel of thin taper Items, with 
fcarcely any heads, as is too often the cafe in fome of 
the largeft gardens in England, where, inftead of look- 
ing at a noble parabola of trees, with their fpreading 
globular heads, a parcel of naked items prefent them- 
(elves to view ; and where the trees are thus crowded, 
they never thrive half fo well, nor will they continue 
half fo long, as thofe which are allowed a proper dif- 
tance -, for their roots running and interfering with 
each other, draw the nourifhment away fafter than 
the ground can fupply them, which caufes their leaves 
to be fmail, and, in dry feafons, to decay and fall off, 
long before their ufual time, and thereby renders the 
plantation lefs agreeable. 
In the diftribution of thefe plantations, in thofe parts 
which are planted with deciduous trees, there may be 
planted next the walks and openings, Rofes, Honey- 
fuckles, Spiraea Frutex, and other kinds of low-flower- 
ing fhrubs, which may be always kept very dwarf, and 
may be planted pretty clofe together ; and at the 
foot of them, near the fides of the walks, may be 
planted Primrofes, Violets, Daffodils, and many 
other forts of wood flowers, not in a ftrait line, 
but rather to appear accidental, as in a natural wood. 
Behind the firft row of fhrubs fhouid be planted 
Syringas, Cytifufes, Althaea frutex, Mezereons, and 
other flowering fhrubs of a middle growth, which 
may be backed with Laburnums, Lilacs, Guelder 
Rofes, and other flowering fhrubs of a large growth : 
thefe may be backed with many other forts of trees, 
rifing gradually to the middle of the quatters, from 
whence they fhouid always flope down every way to 
the walks. 
By this diftributon you will have the pleafure of the 
flowering fhrubs near the fight, whereby you will be 
regaled with their fee nt as you pafs through the walks, 
which is feldom obferved by thofe who plant Wilder- 
neffes j for nothing is more common than to fee Rofes, 
Honeyfuckles, and other fmail flowering fhrubs, 
placed in the middle of large quarters, under the drop- 
ping and fhade of large trees, where they feldom 
thrive -, and if they do, the pleafure of them is loft, 
becaufe they are fecluded from the fight. If thefe 
quarters are (lightly dug every winter, it will keep 
the ground clean from noxious weeds, and be a great 
benefit to the trees. And the expence of doing this, 
where labour is cheap, cannot be very confiderable, 
u'nlefs in very great plantations. 
But, befide thefe grand walks and openings, (which 
may be laid with turf, and kept well mowed) th«re 
fhouid be fome fmaller ferpentine walks through the 
middle of the quarters, where perfons may retire for 
privacy. There need be nothing but the ground of 
the place made level, and kept hoed, to clear it from 
weeds, which will be no great trouble to do with a 
Dutch hoe, which is broad, and will make great rid- 
dance, and then rake them over to make them hand- 
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fome. Thefe walks need not be very broad, but fhouid 
be turned in fuch a manner, as not to deviate far 
from the middle of the quarter, becaufe there the trees 
being largeft, will afford the ampleft fhade. Five or fix 
feet will be a fufficient width for thefe walks in large 
quarters, but in fmail ones four feet is full enough. 
By the fides of thefe private walks may aifo be fcat- 
tered fome wood-flowers and plants, which, if art- 
fully planted, will have a very good effect. 
In the general defign for thefe Wilderneffes it fhouid 
not be ftudied to make the feveral parts correfpondent, 
for that is fo formal and ftiff, as to be now quite re- 
jected. The greater diverfity there is in the diftribution 
of thefe parts, the more pleafure they will afford ; and 
fmee, according to this method of defigning and 
planting, the different parts never prefent themfelves 
to the fame views, it is no matter how different they 
are varied afunder ; that part of them which is moft 
in view from the houfe, or other parts of the garden, 
may be planted with evergreens, but the other parts 
may be planted with deciduous trees in the foregoing 
manner. 
The part planted with evergreens may be difpofed in 
the following manner, viz. in the firft line next the 
great walks may be placed Lauruftinus, Boxes, 
Spurge Laurel, Juniper, Savin, and other dwarf ever- 
greens ; behind thefe may be planted Laurels, Hollies, 
Arbutufes, and other evergreens of a larger growth j 
next to thefe may be placed Alaternufes, Phyllireas, 
Yews, Cypreffes, Virginian Cedars, and other trees of 
the fame growth behind thefe may be planted Nor- 
way and Silver Firs, the True Pine, and other forts of 
the like growth j and in the middle fhouid be planted 
Scotch Pines, Pinafter, and other of the largeft grow- 
ing evergreens, which will afford a moft delightful 
profped, if the different (hades of their greens are cu- 
rioufly intermixed. And in order to render the vari- 
ety greater, there may be feveral kinds of hardy ever- 
green trees and fhrubs obtained from the north parts 
of America, as there are already many in England, 
which are very fit for this purpofe, and are mentioned 
in different parts of this book. 
This manner of feparating the evergreens from the 
deciduous trees, will not only make a much better ap- 
pearance, but alfo caufe them to thrive far beyond 
what they ufually do when intermixed ; therefore I 
fhouid never advife any perfon to plant them promif- 
cuoufly together. 
By what I have faid concerning the planting the trees 
one behind another, according to their different* 
growths, I would not have it underftood, that I mean 
the placing them in ftrait lines, which is too ftiff and 
formal for thefe plantations ; all that is intended is, to 
place the front rows of trees on each fide the walks, at 
an equal diftance from the fide of the walks, which 
being twifted in eafy natural turns, the fhrubs having 
the curves will (land in the fame direction, and mult 
turn in the fame manner as the walks. Thofe behind 
may be placed after any manner, provided care be 
taken to allow each fufficient room to grow, and that 
there may appear no uneven gaps in the diftance of 
their heads, but that they may all rife gradually, fo as 
to form a handfome flope. 
In (mail gardens, where there is not room for thefe 
magnificent Wilderneffes, there may be fome rifing 
clumps of evergreens, fo defigned as to make the 
ground appear much larger than it is in reality •, and 
if in thefe there are fome ferpentine walks well con- 
trived, it will greatly improve the places, and deceive 
thofe who are unacquainted with the ground as to its 
fize. Thefe clumps or little quarters of evergreens 
fhouid be placed juft beyond the plain opening of 
Grafs before the houfe, where the eye will be carried 
from the plain furface of Grafs to the regular dope of 
evergreens, to the’great pleafure of the beholder ; but 
if there is a diftant profpecl of the adjacent country 
from the houfe, then this fhouid not be obftrufled, 
but rather be left open for the profpedt bounded on 
each fide with thefe clumps, which may be extended 
to thofe parts of the ground, where no view is ob* 
ftrufled. 
