WIN 
pofe three bodies of timber work, clofely joined to the 
axis, which ferves as a fwing, whereby it may be 
moved by the vice. 
The great Preffes are thirty or thirty-three feet long, 
and twelve or fixteen wide. To make one of theie 
machines, they firff dig a pit in the ground about four 
feet deep, and fixteen feet fquare, in the moft com- 
modious place where the Prefs is defigned. In the 
middle of this hollow they build a fmall pile of raa- 
fonry the whole length, for a foundation, two feet 
thick, and three feet high, in fuch a manner, as to 
have only one foot below the furface of the ground ; 
then they make a parallel wall, to furround the Prefs 
from the right to the left, to the extremity of the pit, 
at an equal difiancefrom the pile in the middle, for 
fupporting feme of the timbers, and to prevent the 
earth from falling down into the pit. The fpace 
between theie three little walls of three feet depth, 
is neceffary to give air to the v/ood, to prevent its 
rotting. 
The wall, which ought to be from the fides of the 
beams (which may be placed from the right to the 
left of the Prefs, according to the greateff convenien- 
cy of the place,) fhould be deeper than the hollow of 
the beams, which fhall be explained hereafter •, and 
that which is contrived on the bent fide of the beams, 
fhould be thicker than the fquare of the bafon, which 
will be more eafily comprehended by what follows. 
Upon the little wall of the middle, they lay a piece 
of timber lengthwife, which they call a falfe Hilling •, 
upon this, to the fide of the hollow beams, they place 
a ground plate, which is fupported by another pile of 
mafonry, which is joined clofe to the beams, and the 
piles which they crofs ; all thefe pieces fhould be laid 
level, in order to fupport four Hillings, which are 
placed acrofs them at an equal diftance. Theie pieces 
ought to extend beyond the wall of the bafon, on the 
fide of the beams, about three feet, and be laid upon 
the piles, to hinder them from rifing ; there muft al- 
ways be allowed a declivity of three or four inches 
from the front to the four Hillings, in order to faci- 
litate the draining of the wine into the calk, which 
fhould be placed under the middle, in the fore part of 
the bafon, to receive it from the fide where the holes 
are bored. 
They afterwards place upon thefe four Hillings, crofs 
the bafon of the Prefs, fome pieces of wood called 
maye •, thefe fhould have their tops level with the 
top of the Hillings, and ought to be cut in notches 
of four inches in length on both fides the bafon, for 
receiving the maye in fuch a manner, that they may 
be faHened on each fide with wedges, after having 
put in the middle of the joints potters-earth and 
Mofs, to prevent the wine from getting out at the 
crevices •, thefe pieces of maye are fimply joined to- 
gether without fillets or notches, that they may the 
better clofe the two ends to the middle of the quoins 
their whole length, between the Hillings and the fide 
of the laH pieces of maye j thefe pieces fiiould be 
raifed in the middle with a ridge, to make a gutter in 
each joint, to facilitate the draining of the wine ; they 
alfo make for the fame purpofe, a ridge or furrow all 
round the extremity of the pieces of maye. 
In the place appointed for the beams, on the right or 
left of the bafon, they make a hole big enough to 
ered a frame of mafonry twelve feet deep, eight long, 
and five broad. One of the three piles of mafonry, 
which fnpports the bafon, ferves there inHead of one 
fide of the wall to the beams, which are driven into 
the ground at the bottom of the faid frame, twelve 
feet^deep, and are fifteen or fixteen feet above the 
level of the ground •, thefe they join with the piles 
which crofs them, upon which they put the beams, 
which are all joined by cramps of wood, except the 
laH, to which the Hillings ferve inHead of braces. 
They afterwards ered the mafonry, in which they 
in clofe the ends of the piles, as alfo thofe of the braces, 
to prevent the beams from rifing ; thefe piles ought 
to be placed contrary to the Hillings, which furround 
or crofs them every three feet, and dove-tailed into 
W I N 
A 
the fquare fupporters •, the fpace left between the ma- 
fonry they do not fill up, that the beams maybe pre- 
served from rotting, and that, if occafion be, they 
may go down into the pit. The beams ought to be 
laid in fuch a manner, that their fides may occupy 
the middle of the bafon, and they fhould incline two 
inches beyond it ; the front and fides muff be made 
Imooth and even, but the back and tops muH be left' 
rough ; they make a-top, under the pieces of maye, 
a ledge of two or three inches, for fupport to the 
carriage •, the top of the beams is joined with a crofs 
beam, under which is a fpindle fupported by a. diago- 
nal beam, on which all the force and refi fiance of the 
Prefs bears •, this diagonal beam fhould. be clofely 
faHened with nails and girders under the heads of the 
beams. In the middle of the other fide of the bafon, 
they put upon the ground plate, between the ends of 
the Hillings, two falfe beams a little difiance from the 
true ones, becaufe it is on this fide that the axle tree 
is notched to receive the beams, to prevent their re- 
coiling back ; thefe are a little enlarged towards the 
falfe beams •, they fufiain thefe with four crofs pieces 
or Hrong jambs, two on the front, and two on the 
fides, which abut againft them, and keep them in 
their places ; thefe crofs pieces are borne by the 
ground plate and the pofis, and let in at the other end 
jufi to the middle of the falfe beams •, thefe ought to 
be bored about four feet high, that the moving pins 
may be put in there for the beam to refi upon thefe 
falfe beams fhould have holes at the bottoms, to re- 
ceive the wooden pegs, which crofs the ground plate, 
and are cut to half their thicknefs,' that they may be 
capable to enter the notches, and be joined with keys 
and pins where they crofs the falfe beams ; they like- 
wife bind thefe beams at the top with a crofs beam, 
and they fufiain them again at the bottom with two 
crofs pieces on their fides •, thefe crofs pieces are 
placed upon the pofis, which are joined into the 
ground plate by a dove-tail, and are borne up hori- 
zontally by a fmall piece of mafonry of their own 
fize, which is chiefly hid in the ground ; there mufi 
alfo be on each fide a large crofs piece to crofs the 
bafon, which binds together the falfe beams with the 
true, both before and behind •, thefe they fafien to 
the top of the beams, allowing them a foot and a half 
declivity to the place where they are mortifed into the 
falfe beams. 
They alfo make in the ground, on the fide of the 
falfe beams, ten feet from the bafon, a pit twelve 
feet deep, and ten feet fquare, to place the two 
blocks, which fhould join at bottom, and be fepa- 
rated by the great ends, about two feet above the fur- 
face of the ground, in fuch a manner, that theferew 
may be able to play between them •, thefe mufi be 
joined at bottom to the piles by a Hrong dove-tail, 
and the piles joined with braces •, and near the top, 
about fifteen inches from the head, they fhould be 
bound with girders and pins, to keep them afunder, 
and prevent their parting. The fpace between the 
blocks and the piles mufi J oe filled up with earth, 
which fhould be well rammed ; thefe girders fhould 
be let in feven or eight inches to the body of the 
blocks. 
In the middle of the girders there fhould be a hole 
to put in the ferew, which fhould there defeend per- 
pendicularly, and which is rounded to this place, and 
leffened to a third part of its thicknefs •, and a foot 
lower than the girders ought to be a rail placed as a 
fupport, from bottom to top, in a Hope, for a refi 
to the ferew there fhould be on this rail a plate of 
iron, and an axis to the ferew, for its play 5 the 
ferew mufi be twelve feet long, and thirteen inches, 
thick at the top •, the ferew-tap, or the extremity of 
the fpiral line, ought to be three inches and a half, 
and fhould form an exad fquare * the ferew fhould 
pafs crofs a wheel, which is placed three feet from 
the furface of the ground, and which in this place 
fhould be fquare, and about an inch and a half of its 
thicknefs pared off for the play of the wheel } this 
wheel fhould be joined with Spokes and curb, athwart, 
