W I N 
V/ I N 
ought to go round the wheel five or fix times, and be 
fattened at the other end to that which is at the fide of 
the Prefs. They employ feven or eight men to turn 
this wheel. It is of great confequence to obferve, that 
v/hen there is no more than one turn and a halt of 
the rope above the wheel, and if there is another bag to 
prefs/they fhould remit two or three turns of the rope 
to the wheel to finin'! the preffing, otherwife tney 
would rifque the breaking of the wheel at the bot- 
tom, and laming the prefers. When the bag is Ef- 
ficiently prefed, they ftop the perpendicular' wheel 
for half an hour, to allow time for the wine to drain 
off. In this fort of Prefs, there is nothing but the 
ftandard Preffes, which is borne by the nave, and Ap- 
plies the place of the great beams which are in the 
other Prelies. There ought to be one experienced 
man, to whom the others ought to be obedient, to con- 
dud the preffing, and to cut and chop the marc as 
often as it Ihali need. 
The particular pieces of a fight Prefs. 
The two cheeks, fixteen feet long, and abouf eighteen 
or twenty inches thick. 
The fpindle, fifteen or fixteen feet long, and about 
three wide. 
The head-piece, fixteen feet long, and about thirteen 
or fourteen inches thick. 
The crofs timbers, fix feet long, and about fix or fe- 
ven inches thick. 
The piles, twelve feet long, and about twelve or thir- 
teen inches thick. 
The fcrew, feven or eight feet long, about thirteen 
inches thick to the fpiral line, and fixteen inches at 
the bottom, fitted toafquare; this fhould be notched 
in that place two inches, for placing the wheel. 
The ftandard twelve feet and a half long, feventeenor 
eighteen inches broad in the middle, and ten at the 
O ... 
ends, and eight or ten inches thick in the middle, re- 
duced to fix or feven at the ends. 
The middle wheel, nine feet diameter, and ten or ele- 
ven inches thick. , ** 
The perpendicular wheel of an equal diameter, and 
five or fix inches thick in every part of the timber. 
The axle-tree ten or eleven feet long, and eight inches 
diameter. 
The falfe ftillings, and the pieces of maye, ought to 
be the fame as in the other Preffes in every part. 
The ftillings, eighteen feet long, and the fame breadth 
and thicknefs, as in the other Preffes. 
The nave, as in the other Preffes, that is to fay, feven 
or eight feet long, and five or fix inches lquare. 
This defcription of the different forts of Preffes 
which are ufed in Champagne, together with the 
annexed plates, will, it is hoped, be fufficient 
to inftrutt a workman how to erect either of the 
forts here exhibited. 
WINTER. [Prognottics of a hard Winter.] The 
Lord Bacon gives tiiefe as figns or forerunners of a 
hard winter : 
If done or wainfcot, that has been ufed to fweat (as 
it is called), be more dry in the beginning of winter, 
or the drops of eaves of houfes come down more (lowly 
than they ufed to do, it portends a hard and frofty 
Winter. The reafon is, that it fhews an inclination 
in the air to dry weather, which, in the Winter time, 
is always joined with froft. 
Generally a moift and cool dimmer betokens a hard 
Winter likely to enfue. The reafon is, that the va- 
pours of the earth, not being difilpated by the fun in 
thefummer, do rebound upon the Winter. 
A hot and dry fummer, efpecially if the heat and 
drought extend far in September, betokens an open 
beginning of Winter, and cold to fucceed towards the 
latter part of the Winter, and in the beginning of the 
fpring •, for all that time the former heat and drought 
bear the fway, and the vapours are not fufficiendy 
multiplied. 
An open and warm Winter portends a hot and dry 
fummer •, for the vapours difperfe into the Winter 
fhowers ; whereas cold and froft keep them in, and 
tranfport them into the late fpring and fummer fol- 
lowing. 
The country people have made this obfervation, that 
thole years in which there are ftore of Hpws and Heps , 
commonly portend cold Winters; the natural caufe 
of this may be the want of heat, and abundance of 
moifture, in the fummer preceding, which puts forth 
thofe fruits, and m-u ft of neceffity leave a great quan- 
tity of cold vapours undiffipated, which caufes .t ie 
cold of the following Winter. 
When birds lay up Haws and Sloes, and other, ftore s, 
in old nefts, and hollow trees, it is a fign of a hard 
Winter approaching. 
If fowls or birds, which ufed at certain feafons to 
change countries, come earlier than the ufual time* 
they ffiew the temperature of the weather, according 
to that country from whence they came ; as the Win- 
ter birds, fieldfares, fnipes, woodcocks, &c. 
If they come earlier, and out of the northern coun- 
tries, they intimate coin Winters likely to enfue with 
us. And if it be in the fame country, they fhew a 
temperature of feafon, like that of the feafbn in which 
they come, as bats, cuckoos, nightingales, and fvval- 
lows, which come towards fummer, if they come early, 
it is a fign of a hot fummer to follow. Cold dews, 
and morning rains, about Bartholomew-tide, and hoar 
f tofts in the morning about Michaelmas, foretel a hard 
Winter. 
When fea pyes flock from fait to frefh water, it figni- 
fies a hidden alteration of weather to much cold. 
WINTER ANIA. Lin. Sp. Plant. 636. Winter’s 
Bark. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is bell-Jhaped , compofed of 
three roundijh concave lobes ; the fewer has five oblong 
feflile petals, which are longer than the empalement, and a 
conical cup-fhaped ne Barium , which is concave and the 
length of the petals : it hath no fiamina, but linear, pa- 
rallel, difiinB fummits , fitting on the outfide of the neBa- 
rium, with an oval ger men within the ne Barium, fupport- 
ing a cylindrical flyle , crowned by three obtufe fiigmas ; 
the germen afterward becomes a round berry, having three - 
cells, containing two h ear t-fh aped feeds. 
This genus is ranged in the firft fection of Linnaeus’s 
tenth clafs, which includes thofe plants whofe flowers 
have ten {lamina or fummits and one flyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Winterania ( Canella .) Lin. Sp. Plant. -636. Caffia 
Cinnamomea, fc. Cinnamomum fylveftre, Barbaden- 
dium. Pluk. Aim. 89. tab. 169. f. 7. Wild Cinnamon, 
or Caffia of Barba does. 
This tree grows naturally in mod of the Englifh iflands 
in the Weft Indies, where it rifts to the height of 
about twenty feet ; the ftem is generally furnifhed 
with branches from the ground to the top, covered 
with a light Afh -coloured bark, and garnifhed pretty 
clofely with oblong leaves, about two inches and a half 
long, which are narrow at their footftalks, but at 
their extremity, where they are enlarged and rounded, 
they are a full inch broad, of a light or pale green co- 
lour, Handing upon fhort footstalks.; they are placed 
without order toward the end of the branches, where 
the flowers come out almoft inform of an umbel, which 
are compofed of five oblong petals of a fcarlet colour ; 
thefe are fucceeded by round ifh berries, having an 
umbilical calyx at their top, inclofing (dining black 
feeds; 
The whole plant, bark, leaves and fruit, are very 
aromatic, and has much the tafte of fpi-ced ginger- 
bread. 
The bark is much ufed by the inhabitants as a fpice to 
relifti their viands, and alfo in medicine, to difehar.o-e 
phlegm; though it is much doubted whether it & is 
the fame with the bark which was brought by. Captain 
Winter, from the Streights of Magellan. 
As this tree is a native of hot climates, fo it is too ten- 
der to live in England out of a flove. I raifed feve- 
ral of thefe plants from feeds, which were fent me from 
Antigua a few years paft, fame of which are grown 
four 
