dented on their edges, ending in acute points, and 
are of a pale green on their under fide, but of a dark 
green on their upper. The flowers are produced in 
loofe fpikes, the male flowers growing at the top, 
and the female flowers under them, which are of an 
herbaceous colour, arid are collected in roundifh heads. 
The female flowers are fucceeded by oblong oval fruit, 
clofely armed with fhort ered fpines. This plant 
flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. - 
This plant has been much efteemed by fome phyfici- 
ans, for the cure of fcrophulous tumours, and alfo in 
leprofies, but is rarely now ufed. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America. 
The {talks of this are much thicker, and rife higher 
than thofe of the firft ; the leaves are not hollowed at 
their bafe, nor are they divided fo deeply on their 
Tides, as thofe of the firft ; they are unequally indented 
on their edges, and have three ftrong longitudinal 
veins, but are of the fame colour with the former. 
The flowers are produced in fhorter and loofer fpikes. 
The fruit are much larger, and are armed with 
itronger fpines which are incurved. This flowers in 
Auguft, and in warm feafons the fruit will ripen in 
autumn. 
The third fort grows naturally in Portugal and Spain. 
The ftalks of this rife three feet’high, and lend out 
many branches the whole length ; thefe are garnifhed 
with oblong leaves which are indented on their edges, 
and end in acute points ; they are from two to three 
inches long, and three quarters of an inch broad, of 
a dark green on their upper fide, but hoary on their 
under, having very fhort foot-ftalks. The flowers 
come out from the fide of the branches, two or three 
at each place, one of which is female, and is fuc- 
ceeded by oblong oval fruit, armed with (lender fharp 
ipines which are eretft. The ftalks and branches are 
armed with long, ftifF, triple thorns on every fide, 
which renders it dangerous to handle them. This 
flowers in July and Auguft, and in warm feafons 
the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in China, from 
whence I have often received the feeds ; the plants 
are like thofe of the firft fort, but grow larger, and 
branch more the flowers are produced in loofe fpikes 
at the top of the ftalks ; the fruit is like that, but the 
fpines are (lender. Angle, and (trait. This flowers 
about the fame time with the third fort, but, unlefs 
the autumn proves warm, the feeds will not ripen iri 
England. 
All thefe plants ate annual. The firft will come up 
from the leeds which fall in autumn, and requires no 
other care but to thin the plants where they are too 
clofe, and keep them clear from weeds ■, the fecond 
fort formerly was as eafily cultivated, and came up 
from the felf-fown feeds as readily, and rarely failed 
to ripenits feeds ; but of late years the autumns have 
proved fo bad, as that the feeds have not corne to 
maturity. 
The third fort will perfect its feeds fome yCars on 
felf-fown plants, but, as they fometimes fail, thefure 
way is to raife the plants on a gentle hot-bed, and 
after they have obtained ftrength, plant them on a 
warm border on a lean foil, which will (tint the plants 
m their growth, and caufe them to be more fruitful ; 
lor when they are planted in rich ground, the plants 
will grow to a large (ize* and will not produce flowers 
till late in autumn, fo the feeds will not ripen, 
il he fourth fort muft be raifed on a hot- bed in the 
Tpring, and the plants fliould be tranfplanted each 
into a (mall pot, and plunged into a frefh hpt-bed 
to bring them forward. After they have obtained 
ftrength, they fliould be inured to the free air gra- 
dually, and in June fome of the plants may be turn- 
ed out of the pots* preferving the ball of earth to 
then loots, and planted in a fouth border, where, if 
the ieai'bn proves favourable, they will perfect their 
feeds. 
All theie plants delight to grow in a rich moift foil 
XANTHOXYLUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 335. The 
Tooth-ache-tree, 
The Characters are^ 
It hath male and female flowers on different plants, Th’i 
male flower has no empalement , but has five oval petals, and 
five fender flamina which are longer than the petals, ter- 
minated by furrowed Summits ; it has three germen , which 
are united at their bafe , having each a lateral fiyle 
crowned by obtufe fiigmas. "The germen afterward become 
fo many cap files , each containing one roundifh , hard , 
foining feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftion of Lin- 
naeus’s twenty-fecond clafs, which includes thofe plants 
which have male and female flowers on different plants* 
whofe flowers have five ftamina and as many ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Xanthoxylum {Claim Herculis ) foliis pinnatis. ; Lin, 
Sp. Plant. 1455. Tooth-ache-tree with winged leave's. 
Xanthoxylon fpinofum, lentifciloftgioribus foliis, eu- 
onymi frudtu capfulari. Catefb. Carolin. 1. p. 2 6. 
Prickly 1 ooth-ache-trec with longer Mafliich-tree leaves , 
and capfules to the fruit like that of the Spindle-tree. 
2. Xanthoxylum ( Americamirn ) foliis pinnatis, foliolis 
oblongo ovatis integerrirnis feflilibus. Tooth-ache-tree 
with winged leaves , having oblong , oval, entire lobes 
without foot-fialks , commonly called broad-leaved ‘Tooth- 
ache-tree. 
The firft fort grows naturally in South Carolina, 
where it rifes to the height of fifteen or fixteen feet. 
The ftem is woody, and about a foot thick, covered 
with a whitifli rough bark, and armed with Ihort thick 
fpines ; thefe grow to a large fize as the trunk in- 
creafes in bulk, fo as to become protuberances termi- 
nating in fpines. The leaves are fometimes placed by 
pairs, and at others they ftand without order ; they 
are compofed of three, four, or five pair of fpear- 
(haped lobes placed oppofite, terminated by an odd 
one ; they are of a deep green on their upper fide, 
and of a yellowifh green below, a little fawed on their 
edges, and ftand upon fhort foot-ftalks. At the end 
of the branches come forth the foot-ftalks which fuf- 
tain the flowers ; thefe branch out, and form a loofe 
panicle. The flowers are compofed of five white pe- 
tals which are fmall, having no cover ; they are by 
fome called the empalement, but being of a different 
colour from the leaves, I (hall take the liberty to ftile 
them petals. Within thefe are fituated five ftamina 
which are terminated by reddi(h furrimits, and in the 
female flowers there are five ftyles fattened to 
the fide of the germen. After the flower is paft, the 
germen turns to a roundifli four-cornered capfule, 
each containing one roundiftt, hard, filming feed. It 
is fometimes called' Pellitory-tree, 
This has been generally confounded with the prickly- 
yellow Wood, or yellow Hercules of Sir Hans Sloane, 
but is very different from that ; for in the Weft -In- 
dies it is one of their largeft timber trees, and th§ 
fpecimens which I have received from Jamaica, are 
very different from thofe of Carolina. The leaves of 
the former are twice as large as thofe of the latter; 
the lobes qf the leaves are almoft three inches long, 
and an inch and a half broad ; they fit clofe to the foot- 
ftalk, and the leaves are equally winged, having no 
fingle lobe at the end. The flowers of this I have not 
feen, but the capfuies have five cells, each containing- 
one black. Alining, hard feed. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Penfylvania and 
Maryland ; this hath a woody ftem, which rifes ten or 
twelve feet high, fending out many branches toward 
the top ; thefe have a purpliili bark, and are armed 
with fhort thick fpines Handing by pairs. The leaves 
are unequally winged, and are compofed of four or five 
pair of oblong oval lobes, terminated by an odd one - 
thefe ftand clofe to the midrib, having no foot-ftalks’ 
The midrib is armed on the under fide with fome fmall 
fpines. The upper fide of the leaves are of a deep 
green, their under fide is of a pale green ; they have 
a warm biting tafte. The bark of the tree is ufed for 
curing the tooth-ache, from whence it has the name. 
The flowers grow in loofe panicles like thofe of the 
former fort, and thefe are fucceeded by fruit with five 
cells, each including one hard (Lining feed. 
