Z I z 
come up in autumn, will abide through the winter, 
and will grow much larger than thofe which come up 
in the fpring, though neither of them rife very high. 
The feeds fhould be fown where the plants are to re- 
main, for they do not thrive well when they are tranf- 
planted, unlefs the earth remains to their roots. Thefe 
have a pretty ftrong aromatic fcent, fomewhat refem- 
bling Summer Savory, but as they are plants of lit- 
tle beauty, they are feldom cultivated but in botanic 
gardens for variety fake. 
The feeds of thofe plants which come up in autumn, 
will be ripe in July or Auguft ; but thofe of the fpring 
plants will not ripen till the latter end of Auguft, or 
the beginning ( of September •, when, if the feeds are 
permitted to fcatter, the plants will come up, and re- 
quire no farther care but to clear them from weeds, 
and thin them where they are too dole. 
ZIZIPHUS. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 627. tab. 403. 
Rhamnus. Lin. Gen. Plant. 235. The Junjube. 
The Characters are, 
T he flower has no empalement ; it has one funnel-fioaped 
petal, which fpreads open at the top , and is cut into four 
or five fegments ; it has five awl-fhaped ftamina , whofc 
bafe are infer ted to the petal, and are terminated by fin all 
fummits , and an oval germen fupporting two J lender ftyles , 
crowned by obtufe ftigmas. The germen afterward be- 
comes an oblong oval berry , inclofmg a fingle nut of the 
fame form , which has two cells , each containing an ob- 
long feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh fedion 
of Tournefort’s twenty-firft clafs, which contains the 
trees and fhrubs with a Role flower, whofe pointal 
turns to a fruit pregnant with a ftony feed. Dr. Lin- 
naeus has joined this genus to the Rhamnus, which 
he ranges in the lirft fedion of his fifth clafs, which 
Contains thofe plants whofe flowers have five ftamina 
and one ftyle ; but the flowers of thefe plants having 
two ftyles, the plants fhould be feparated from the 
Rhamnus. 
The Species are, 
I. Ziziphus ( Jujuba ) aculeis geminatis redis, foliis 
oblongo ovatis lerratis. Jujube with fir ait thorns grow- 
ing by pairs , and oblong , oval , fawed leaves. Ziziphus. 
Dod. p. 807. The common Jujube. 
1 . Ziziphus ( Sylveftris ) aculeis geminatis, altero recur- 
vo, foliis ovatis nervofis. Jujube with twin fpines, one 
of which is recurved , and oval veined leaves. Ziziphus 
fylveftris. Tourn. Inft. 627. The wild Jujube. 
3. Ziziphus ( CEnoplia ) aculeis folitariis recurvis pe- 
dunculis aggregatis, foliis cordato-rotundis nervofis, 
fubtus tomentofis. Jujube with fingle recurved fpines , 
foot-ftalks in clufters , and round , heart-Jhaped , veined 
leaves , which are downy on their under fide. Jujube 
aculeata, nervofis foliis infra fericeis flavis. Bupm. 
Zeyl. 1 3 1. Prickly Jujube with veined leaves, which 
are filky and yellow on their under fide. 
4. Ziziphus ( Africana ) aculeis geminatis redis, foliis 
ovatis nervofis. Jujube with double firait thorns, and 
oval veined leaves. Jujube, fc. Ziziphus Africana, mu- 
cronatis foliis, fpina gemella. Pluk. Aim. 199. Afri- 
can Jujube with pointed leaves and double fpines. 
The lirft fort grows naturally in the warm parts of 
Europe ; it has a woody ftalk which divides into 
many crooked irregular branches, which are armed 
with ftrong ftrait thorns fet by pairs at each joint. 
The leaves are two inches long and one broad, llightly 
fawed on their edges, and Hand upon ftiort foot-ftalks. 
The flowers are produced on the fide of the branches, 
two or three arifing from the fame place, which fit 
dole ; they are fmall, and of a yellow colour •, thefe 
are fucceeded by an oval fruit, about the fize of a 
middling Plum, of a fweetifh tafte, and are clammy, 
including a hard oblong (tone, pointed at both ends. 
The fruit of this tree was formerly ufed in medicine •, 
it is reckoned pedtoral, and good for coughs, pleuri- 
iles, and hot fharp humours, but is now feldom to be 
found in the ftiops. In Italy and Spain, this fruit is 
ferved up at the table in deferts during the winter fea- 
fon, as a dry fweetmeat. 
Thefecond fort grows naturally about Tunis in Afri- 
ca ; this has (lender woody ftalks, which fend out many 
weak branches, covered with a grayifh bark, and armed 
with fpines, which come out by pairs at each joint, 
one of which is longer than the other, and is ftrait 5 
the' other is ftiort and recurved. The leaves are fmall, 
oval, and veined •, they are half an inch long, arid as 
much in breadth, fitting dole to the branches. The 
flowers of this foryl have not feen, fa can give no 
farther defeription of this plant. 
The third fort grows naturally in India ; this rifes with, 
fhrubby ftalks ten or twelve feet high, fending out 
many (lender branches, which have a ydlowifh bark, 
and are armed with fingle recurved thorns at each 
joint. The leaves are round, heart-fhaped, about 
two inches long, and as much in breadth, and are in- 
dented at the foot-ftalk ; they have three longitudinal 
veins, and are covered with a yeilowifh down on their 
under fide. The flowers come out in clufters from 
the wings of the branches ; they are fmall, and of a? 
yeilowifh colour •, thefe are fucceeded by oval fruit 
about the fize of fmall Olives, inclofing a ftone of the 
fame fliape. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Syria, froni Whence 
I have received the feeds •, this fends up feveral fhrub- 
by ftalks from the root, which divide into (lender 
branches, which are armed with ftrait fpines, and 
are fet by pairs at each joint; the leaves are fmall; 
oval, and veined, and are placed alternate, (landing 
upon very ftiort foot-ftalks. The flowers are fmall, of 
a yellow colour, arifing from the wings of the branches. 
The fruit is round, and about the fize of Sloes. 
Thefe plants are preferved in the gardens of forrie cu- 
rious perfons only for the fake of variety, for they 
do not produce fruit in England. The firft and fourth 
forts, which are the moll hardy, will fcarcely live thro’ 
the winters in England, even when they are planted 
againft fouth walls ; in which fituation I have kept 
the plants two or three years, when the winters have 
proved mild, but they were afterward killed by a 
fharp froft. They may be propagated by putting their 
(tones into pots of frefti light earth, foori after their 
fruits are ripe ; and in winter they fhould be placed 
under a common hot-bed frame, where they may be 
flickered from fevere froft. In the fpring thefe pots 
fhould be plunged into a moderate hot- bed, which 
will greatly forward the growth of the feeds ; and 
when the plants are come up, they fnould be inured 
to the open air by degrees, into which they mull be 
removed in June, placing them near the fhelter of a 
hedge ; and in very dry weather they muft be fre- 
quently refreflied with water. 
In this fituation they may remain till the beginning of 
Odtober, when they muft be removed either into the 
green-houfe, or placed under a hot-bed frame, where 
they may be defended from froft, but fhould have as 
much free air as poffible in mild weather. 
During the winter feafon they fnould be now and then 
refrefhed with water ; but after their leaves are fallen 
(as they always fhed them in winter), they muft not be 
over watered, which would rot the tender fibres of 
their roots, and caufe the plants to decay. 
In March, juft before the plants begin to (hoot, they 
fhould be tranfplanted, each into a feparate fmall pot 
filled with light frefti earth ; and if they are plunged 
into a moderate hot-bed, it will greatly promote their 
taking root; but in May they muft be inured to the 
open air by degrees, into which they fhould be foon 
after removed. 
Thus thefe plants fhould be managed while young, at 
which time they are tender; but when they are three 
or four years old, feme of them may be planted in the 
full ground, againft a warm wall or pale, where, if they 
have a dry foil, they will endure the cold of our or-’ 
dinary winters pretty well ; but in hard froft! they 
will require to be (heltered, fo it will be proper to 
keep a plant or twb in pots, which may be hauled in! 
winter. 
Thefe 
