101 
rently passing into the overlying Trias, all the three rocks 
dipping at the same angle and in the same direction. 
Near Manchester the occurrence of Permian fossils has en- 
abled us to* fix the position of the red sandstones and marls 
of the Trias and Permian beds, but after leaving Barrow 
Mouth, near Whitehaven, and traversing the country by 
Maryport, Carlisle, and Longtown to Canobie, as yet no 
fossil organic remains have been met with to help us, and 
we have to trust chiefly to superposition to separate the 
two formations. All who have investigated these forma- 
tions know the difficulty of determining a Permian from a 
Triassic sandstone by external characters. 
In some places in Lancashire the coal measures are 
covered by Triassic beds without the occurrence of the 
intermediate Permian beds, but near Manchester the latter 
are generally met with either as the upper deposits, the 
marls, and the conglomerate (Nos. 2 and 8) most frequently 
together, or with all the three beds of the series. 
MICROSCOPICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SECTION. 
February 16th, 1880. 
Alfred Brothers F.R.AS., in the Chair. 
Professor Alfred Milnes Marshall, M.A., Owens College, 
was unanimously elected a Member, and Mr. Lionel E. 
Adams, of Victoria Park, Manchester, an Associate of the 
Section. 
Mr. Thomas Kogers read a paper on the Land and 
Fresh-water Shells of Tasmania. He said that the total 
number of land shells in Tasmania, so far as at pre- 
sent determined, consisted of 115 species, comprised in five 
genera, the genus Helix alone being represented by 79 
