40 
on the borders of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, 
show that they inhabited the caves to the east of the 
Pennine Chain, in the Pleistocene age [Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc., Lond., xxxii., pp. 245 — 259]. So that now we 
have proof that the palaeolithic man of the caves wandered 
from the Pyrennees and Alps as far north as Derbyshire 
and Belgium, and from the Atlantic coast as far to the east 
as Schussenreid, in Wllrtemburg. In the upper pleistocene 
stratum, at Cresswell, we have also decided traces of the 
presence of a higher type of hunter than in the lower one, 
so that man, even in the palaeolithic age, was a creature of 
progress. The evidence as to their relation to the Glacial 
Period in every case whicli I have investigated, is unsatisfac- 
tory. In the celebrated Victoria Cave, in which the glacial 
age of the clay covering up the stratum with the re- 
mains of pleistocene animals and the fibula determined 
by Professor Busk to be human, seems as doubtful to me as 
to Professor Hughes, who has carefully examined the evi- 
dence on the spot. It is however considered glacial by Mr. 
Tiddeman, and is quoted by Mr. James Geikie as proof of 
the interglacial age of palaeolithic man in this country. It 
is extremely difficult to bring the complicated phenomena 
of the glacial deposits into relation with the ossiferous 
deposits in caves and river-valleys, which are equally 
complicated, and their point of contact ofiers a large field 
for speculation. Fixing my eyes upon the pleistocene fauna 
only, I find that that portion of it to which man belongs — 
the arctic division — arrived in Britain before the deposit of 
the boulder clays, and lived here afterwards, and that there- 
fore there are a-priori grounds for supposing that man was 
also here in the preglacial age; but actual proof on the 
point seems to me to be wanting unless it be offered by the 
fluviable gravels with palaeolithic implements of Brandon, 
which according to Mr. Skertchley [Nature xiv. 448] 
are older than the upper boulder clay of East Anglia, con- 
sidered by Mr. Tiddeman [Nature xiv. 505] to be the 
