47 
Atlas the Libyan was the first who built a ship and navi- 
gated the sea. Kelmis and Damnaneus, Idsean Dactyli, 
first discovered iron in Cyprus. Another Idsean discovered 
the tempering of brass; according to Hesiod a Scythian. 
The Thracians first invented what is called a scimitar 
(apTTrt), it is a curved sword, and were the first to use 
shields on horseback. Similarly also the Illyrians invented 
the shield (ttAtj?). Besides, they say that the Tuscans 
invented the art of moulding clay; and that Itanus (he was 
a Samnite) first fashioned the oblong shield (^peog). Cad- 
mus the Phoenician invented stonecutting and discovered 
o 
the goldmines on the Pangsean mountain. Further, an- 
other nation, the Ca.ppadocians, first invented the instrument 
called the nabla and the Assyrians in the same way the 
dichord. The Carthaginians were the first that constructed 
a trireme ; and it was built by Bosporus, an aboriginal. 
Medea, the daughter of iEetas, a Colchian, first invented the 
dyeing of hair. Besides, the ISToropes (they are a Pseonian 
race and are now called the Norici) worked copper, and 
were the first that purified iron. Amycus the king of 
the Bebryci was the first inventor of boxing-gloves. In 
music, Olympus the Mysian practised the Lydian harmony ; 
and the people called Troglodytes invented the sambuca, a 
musical instrument. It is said that the crooked pipe was 
invented by Satyrus the Phrj^gian ; likewise also the 
Diatonic harmony by Hyagnis, a Phrygian too; and notes 
by Olympus, a Phrygian ; as also the Phrygian harmony, 
and the half-Phrygian and the half-Sydian by Marsyas, who 
belonged to the same region as those mentioned above. And 
the Doric was invented by Thamyris the Thracian. We 
have heard that the Persians were the first wdio fashioned 
the chariot, and bed and footstool, and the Sidonians the first 
to construct a trireme. The Sicilians, close to Italy, were the 
first inventors of the phorminx, which is not much inferior 
to the lyre. And they invented castanets. In the time of 
Semiramis queen of the Assyrians, they relate that linen 
garments were invented. And Hellanicus says that Attosa 
queen of the Persians was the first who composed a letter* 
