63 
over-Sands, North Lancashire,” by Joseph Barnes and 
Harry Grimshaw, F.C.S. 
The mineral spring of which the following analyses have 
been made issues from the western side of the low promon- 
tory of Humphrey Head, almost at the base of the cliffs, 
and near to the sea shore, but quite above the ordinary 
high-water mark. The base of the rocks of which the sub- 
stratum of the head is composed is washed by the tide when 
high, though it is far away from the water at its ebb in the 
wide and flat Morecambe Bay, in which the Humphrey 
Head forms the division between the Milnthorpe, or Lan- 
caster Sands, and the Ulverston, or Leven Sands. The 
north and east sides of the head descend in a gentle slope to 
the sands, whereas the west and south sides present a rugged 
and perpendicular face of limestone rock. 
As regards the geology of the Head ; the strata of which 
it is composed, consist of mountain limestone, based upon the 
upper Silurian, which structure, we learned from Professor 
Dawkins, is common to a great portion of that district. 
Humphrey Head therefore seems to form a small outlying 
spur of the mountain system of the district, but it is com- 
pletely separated by a strip of low-lying land from the 
nearest connected spur of the high lands of the neighbour- 
hood, which is Kirk Head and contains the well known cave 
in which such interesting antiquarian discoveries have been 
made. The whole of this neighl^ourhood is remarkable for 
the general absence of streams or springs of any description, 
owing doubtless to the very porous nature of its rock forma- 
tions, which allow the water to percolate down to the sea- 
level instead of finding their way along the surface to any 
extent. 
The mineral spring which issues as described near the base 
of the Humphrey Head, w^as formerly and we suppose is 
still known by the name of the Holy Well. Two samples 
of its water have been taken, the first (a) on August 29th, 
