Fumaria officinalis. Common Fumitory, 
FUMARIA Linai. Gen. PI. Diadelphia Hexandria. 
Cal. diyhyllus, Cor. ringens. Filamenta 2, membranacea, fingula Antheris 3. 
Rail Syn. Gen. 10. Herbie flore perfecto simplici, seminibus nudis solitariis seu 
AD SINGULOS FLORES SINGULIS. 
FUMARIA officinalis pericarpiis monofpermis racemofis, caule diffufo. Linnai. Syjl. Vegetal, p. 43 c. 
Sp. Pl. p. 984. FI. Suecic. p. 245. 
FUMARIA foliis multifidis ; lobis fubrotunde lanceolatis ; frudibus monofpermis, Haller, hijl. helv. n. 346, 
FUMARIA officinalis. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 47, 
FUMARIA officinarum et Diofcoridis. Bauhin pin. 143* 
FUMARIA purpurea. Gerard, emac. 1088. 
FUMARIA vulgaris. Parkinfon. 287. Rati Syn. p. 284, Fumitory. 
Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 270. 
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 379. 
RADIX annua, fibrofa, ex flavo-fufija. 
CAULES dodrantales aut cubitales, diffufi, angulofi, 
geniculis tumidis, ramofi, glabri, teneri, fub- 
flexuofi. 
FOLIA alterna, petiolata, duplicato-pinnata, glauca, 
pinnulis trilobatis, mucronatis, lobis extimis 
bifidis aut trifidis. 
FLORES racemofi, purpurei, racemi eredi, multiflori, 
floribus fparfis, pedunculatis, pedunculis clava- 
tis. 
BRACTEAE lanceolat®, apice purpuree, fingulo pedun- 
culo fubjede, fig. 1. 
CALYX : Peri anthium diphyllum ; foliolis oppofitis, 
equalibus, lateralibus, acutis, denticulatis, 
deciduis, fig. 2, 3. 
COROLLA oblonga, ringens, palato prominente fau- 
cem claudente. Labium fuperius apice dilatatum, 
carinatum, fubtus concavum, margine paulu- 
lumreflexa, bafiobtufa, incurvata. Labium infe- 
rius longitudine labii fuperioris et fimile quoad 
apicem, ceteroquin lineare, bafi paulo latiore. 
Petala lateralia five ale apice coherent fau- 
cemque tetragonam efformant fupra infraque 
tridentatam, fig .4, 5, 6, 7. 
STAMINA : Filamenta duo, alba, membranacea, 
bafi lata, germen ampledentia : Anthers 
tres, flavefcentes in fingulo filamento, termina- 
les, fig. 8 . 
PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum : Stylus filiformis 
longitudine flaminum, adfcendens : Stigma 
compreflum, villofum, fig. 9. 
PERICARPIUM Silicula unilocularis, fubcordata, fig. 
10. 
SEMEN unicum, fubrotundum, fig. 1 1. 
ROOT annual, fibrous, of a yellowifli broton colour. 
STALKS from nine to feventeen inches in height, 
fpreading, angular, enlarged at the joints, 
branched, fmooth, tender, and fomewhat bend- 
ing- . . . 
LEAVES alternate, ftanding on foot-ftalks, twice pin- 
nated, of a blueilh green colour, the pinnulae 
or little leaves trilobate, terminating in a fhort 
point, the outermoft lobes bifid or trifid. 
FLOWERS growing in a kind of fpike, of a purple 
colour ; Ipikes upright, fupporting many flow- 
ers, which are placed, without any regular 
order, on foot-ftalks, thickeft at the extremity. 
FLORAR-LEAF lanceolate, and purple at top, placed 
under each flower- ftalk, fig. 1. 
CALYX : a Peri anthium of two leaves, the leaves 
oppofite, aequal, lateral, pointed, with little 
teeth at the edges, and deciduous, fig. 2, 3. 
COROLLA oblong, ringent, the palate prominent, and 
doling the mouth : upper lip dilated at the 
tip, keel-lhaped, hollow beneath, the margin 
turning a little upwards ; the bafe obtufe, 
and curled inward : the lower lip the fame 
length as the upper one, .and fimilar as to fhe 
top, in other refpeds linear ; the bafe a little 
broader : the lateral Petals , or wings, cohere 
at top, and form a four corner’d mouth, in 
which there are three divifions on the upper 
and lower part, fig. 4, 5, 6, 7. 
STAMINA: two white Filaments, membranous, 
broad at bottom, and embracing the germen : 
Anthers three, of a yellowilh colour, fitting 
on the tops of the filaments, fig. 8. 
PISTILLUM : Germen oval : Style thread-lhaped, 
the length of the flamina, rifing upwards : 
Stigma comprefled, and villous, fig. 9. 
SEED-VESSELL a fmall Pod of one cavity, fomewhat 
inverfely heart-lhaped, fig. 10. 
SEED one, of a roundilh figure, fig. 1 1 . 
FUMITORY in its flower and fruit, has certainly a confiderable affinity with the papilionaceous plants, although 
that affinity is not very obvious at firft fight : and at the fame time, fome parts of its ftrudture feem altogether 
peculiar to itfelf. The pofterior part of the corolla terminates in a kind of neftarium, like what weobferve in the 
Violet. But the part in which it djffers moft from the papilionaceous flowers, is its calyx, which confifts of two 
fmall lateral leaves, .more like ftipulas than a calyx. The filaments, as in papilionaceous flowers, are diftindtly 
divided into two bodies, on the top of each of which, in a very Angular manner, are placed three anther®, each 
ftanding on a little footftalk. The feed-veflell in this fpecies, has not much refemblance to thofe of the papiliona- 
ceous tribe ; but in fome of the other fpecies it has a very confiderable one, as in the Claviculata. This difference 
of ftru&ure in the feed-veflells, caufed Ray to divide the plants of this genus, and place them in different clafles : 
but by Linnjeus they are clafled together with the diadelphous plants. 
When this plant grows luxuriantly, and near other plants, the leaves acquire a power of a&ing as tendrils, and 
fupporting the plant : this is the principal variety to which it is fubje£t. 
It grows very commonly in corn-fields, gardens, and on the fides of banks ; flowering from April to July. 
The juice of it given to two ounces, with whey, gently opens the body, purifies (as it is called) the blood, refills 
the fcurvy, removes eruptions of the lkin, and a too great rednefs of the face, if exercife in the fpring be joined 
with it. The extraft, or infpifl'ated juice of it, appears to be the moft eligible form, of which one dram loofens 
the belly ; Haller, hijl. 'helv. p. 1 50. 
Kine and Sheep eat it ; Goats not readily ; Horfes and Swine not at all. 
