A N A 
with the farina fecundans, which, when ripe, is 
fcattered into thofe flowers which are female, and con- 
flit only of the ovarium, with the ftyle and ftigma, 
which areiurrounded with the petals, Other flowers 
there are, which have both fexes contained in the 
fame flower ; thefe are called hermaphrodite flowers. 
A fruit, K xpirog, is not that part of a plant which is 
eatable, but rather the feeds, with their covering, 
fhould be called the fruit. This covering cherifties 
the feeds until they come to maturity, and defends them 
from the injuries of the weather, as that they are not 
hurt thereby •, and alfo prepares the juices deflgned 
for their nourifiiment, that it may with eafe enter their 
imall bodies in a juft proportion. 
The motion of the nutritious juices of plants is pro- 
duced much like that of the blood in animals, by the 
a&ion of the air j and, in effedt, there feems to be 
fomething equivalent to refpiration throughout the 
whole plant. 
Malpighius was the firft who obferved, that vegeta- 
bles confided of two feries, or orders, of vefiels. 
1 . Thofe which have been treated of before, which 
receive and convey the alimental juices, and which an- 
fwer to the arteries, lafteal veffels, veins, &c. of ani- 
mals and, 
2. The tracheae, or air-veflels, which are long hol- 
low pipes, in which the air is continually received and 
expelled, i. e. infpired and expired, within which tra- 
cheae all the former veflfels are contained. 
Hence it follows, that the heat of the year, nay, of 
a Angle day, hour, or minute, muft have an effedt 
on the air included in thefe tracheae, i. e. it muft ra- 
refy it, and, of confequence, dilate the tracheae •, 
and hence alfo a perpetual fpring or fource of ac- 
tion muft arife, to promote the motion of the lap in 
plants. 
For when the tracheae are expanded, the veflels which 
contain the juices, are, by that expanfion, prefled ; 
and, by that means, the juice contained is continu- 
ally propelled and accelerated ; and, by this propul- 
Aon, the juice is continually comminuted, and ren- 
dered more and more fubtil, and adapted to enter 
into veflels ftill finer and finer ; the thickeft part of it 
being at the fame time lecre'ted, and deposited into 
the lateral cells, or loculi of the bark, to defend the 
plant from cold, and other external injuries. 
The vefiels, or containing parts of plants, confift of 
mere earth, bound or connected together by oil, as a 
gluten, or glue •, which being exhaufted by fire, air, 
age, or the like, the plant moulders, or returns again 
into its earth or duft. 
Thus vegetables being burnt by the moft intenfe 
fire, the matter of the veflels is left entire and indif- 
loluble, notwithftanding its utmoft force ; and, of 
confequence, is neither water, nor air, nor fait, nor 
lulphur, but earth alone. 
Juice is a liquid fubftance, which makes part of the 
compofition of plants, and communicates itfelf to all 
the other parts, and ferves to feed and increafe them •, 
and is that to plants that blood is to animals. Thefe 
juices are of divers forts •, aqueous, grumous, bitu- 
minous, oleaginous, refinous, vinous ; of all taftes 
and colours. 
This juice or fap of plants, is a humour furniflied by 
the earth, and changed in the plant ; it confifts of 
feme foffil, or other parts, which are derived from 
the air or rain ; and others, from putrefied animals, 
plants, &c. fo that, conlequently, in vegetables are 
contained all kinds of falts, oil, water, earth, and, 
probably, all kinds of metals too, inafmuch as the 
allies of vegetables always yield fomewhat which is 
attracted by the load-ftone. 
The juice enters plants in the form of a fine fubtil 
water, which by how much the nearer it is to the root, 
fo much the .more it retains of its proper nature ; and 
the farther it is from the root, the more adtion it has 
undergone, and approaches the nearer to the nature 
of the vegetable ; and, of confequence, when the 
juice enters the root, the bark of which is furniflied 
with excretory veflels, fitted to difcharge the excre- 
A N C 
mentitious part, it is earthy, watry, poor, acid, and 
fcarce oily at all. 
It is further prepared in the trunk and branches, 
though it continue acid ftill ; as is perceived by the 
tapping or perforating of a tree in the month of Fe- 
bruary, when it diftils a watry juice that is fenfibly 
acid. 
The juice being carried hence to the germs, or buds, 
is more connected ; and when it has here unfolded the 
leaves, thefe come to ferve as lungs for the circula- 
tion and further preparation of the juice; for when 
thofe tender leaves are expofed to the alternate addon 
of heat and cold, moift nights, and hot fcorching 
days, they are expanded and contradted alternately ; 
and the more, by reafon of their net-like texture. 
By fuch means, the juice is farther altered and di~ 
gelled, as it is farther yet in the petala, or leaves of 
the flowers, which tranfmit the juice now brought to 
a further fubtilty to the flamina ; the ftamina com- 
municate it to the farina, or that duft which appears 
on the apices, where it undergoes a further matura- 
tion, and fheds into the piftil ; and there acquiring its 
laft perfection, it becomes the original of a new fruit 
or plant. 
AN C HUS A. Lin. Gen. 167. Bugloflum. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 133. tab. 53. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement is oblong, taper , and permanent, cut into 
jive acute flegments which are eredi. The jiower is of one 
leaf \ having a cylindrical tube the length of the empale- 
ment \ at the brim it is cut into five upright fegments , 
which fpread open , but the chaps are clofed, and have five 
prominent little fcales. There are five fhort ftamina in 
the chaps of the flower , which are crowned with oblong 
fummits. In the bottom of the flower are fituated flour 
germen , having a /lender ftyle , crowned with an obtufle 
Jligma. The germen afterward becomes four oblong blunt 
feeds flout up in the empalement. ■ 
Dr. Linnmus ranges this genus of plants in the firft 
feftion of his fifth clafs of plants, entitled Pentari- 
dria Monogynia, the flowers having five ftamina and 
a Angle ftyle. 
The Species are, . 
1. Anchusa ( Officinalis ) foliis lanceolatis fpicis imbri- 
catis fecundis. Flort. Cliff. 46. Alkanet with fpear- 
fhaped leaves , and fruitful imbricated fpikes , or greater 
Garden Buglofs. Blugoflum anguftifolium majus. 
C. B. P. 256. 
2. Anchusa ( Anguftifolia ) racemis fubnudis conjugatis. 
Prod. Leyd. '408. Alkanet with conjugated half naked 
fpikes. Borago fylveftris perennis fiore rufo kerrne- 
fino. Zan. Hill. 49. 
3. Anchusa ( Undulata ) ftrigofa foliis linearibus dentatis 
pedicellis bradtea minoribus calycibus fruftiferis in- 
flatis. Laefl. Lin. Sp. Plant. 133. Alkanet with narrow 
indented leaves , frnall foot-ftalks to the branches , and a 
fwelling empalement over the feeds. Bugloflum Lufita- 
nicum echii folio undulato. Tourn. Inft. 134. 
4. Anchusa ( Orientals ) villofa-tomentofa, ramis fiori- 
bufque alternis axillaribus, bradleis ovatis. Lin. Sp. 
191. Alkanet with branches and flowers growing alter- 
nately from the wings of the ftalks , and oval bradtea or 
floral leaves. Bugloflum Orientaie fiore iuteo. Tourn. 
Cor. 6. 
5. Anchusa ( [Virginiana ) ficribus fparfis caule glabro. 
Lin, Sp. Plant. 133. Alkanet with flowers growing 
thinly , and a fmooth ftalk. Anchufa minor lu tea Vir- 
giniana Puccoon indigens dicta qua fe pingunt Ante- 
ricani. Piuk. Aim. 30. Called by the inhabitants of Vir- 
ginia, Puccoon. 
6 . Anchusa ( Sempervirens ) pedunculis diphyllis capita- 
tis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 134. Alkanet with foot-ftalks hav- 
ing two leaves. Bugloflum latifolium ferpervirens* 
C. B. P. 
7. Anchusa ( Cretica ) foliis lanceolatis verrucofis ferni- 
amplexicaulibus, floribus capitatis, caule procum- 
bente. Alkanet with warted and fpear-floaped leaves em- 
bracing the Jlalk half round , flowers growing in a head , 
and a trailing ftalk. Bugloflum Creticum verrucofum 
perlatum quibufdam. FI. R. Pan 
Q 
v. 
8. Anchusa 
