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S of 
Mentioned in this 
ROOT, Radix , is that part of a plant, by 
which it naturally receives its nourifhment. 
There are feveral forts of thefe, as 
A fibrous Root, Radix fibrofa , is that which 
confifts only of fibres. See plate i. fig. 3. 
A tuberous Root, Radix tuber of a, is that which confifts 
of an uniform fleftiy fubftance, and is of a roundifh 
figure. See plate 1. fig. 1, 2. where it is cut ho- 
rizontally through the middle. 
A bulbous Root, Radix bulbofa , is that which confifts 
of feveral coats involving one another, as is fhewn 
plate 1. fig. 4, 5. or of feveral fcales lying over 
one another, as in plate r. fig. 6. The firft of thefe 
is called a tunicated Root, the laft a fquamous Root. 
A granulous Root, Radix gramlofa , is a kind of gru- 
mous root, with fmall knobs refembling fo many 
grains of Corn. See plate 1. fig. 7. 
A tefticulated Root, Radix tefticulaia , is a double tuber- 
ous root, confifting of two fiefhy knobs refembling a 
pair of tefticles. See plate 1. fig. 8. 
An afphodel Root, Radix afphodeli , is a kind of gru- 
mous root, whofe flelhy fibres fwell into large knobs 
toward the bottom, refembling the dugs of animals. 
See plate 1. fig. 9. 
A grumous root, Radix grumofa , is one which is com- 
pofed of feveral fiefhy knobs ending in fibres. See 
plate 1. fig. 10. 
A Stalk, Caulis , is a part of a plant, receiving the 
nourifhment from the root, and diftributing it into 
the other parts with which it is cloathed, not having 
one fide diftinguifhable from the other. The ftalk of 
a tree is called the trunk or ftem, i. e. Caudex. 
A Branch, Ramus , is the divifion of a ftalk. In trees 
it is generally called a bough. 
A Pedicle, Pedicuhs , is that part of a ftalk, which im- 
mediately fuftains a leaf, a flower, or a fruit. Dr. 
Linnaeus has diftinguifhed thefe. Thofe which fuf- 
tain the leaves he calls Petiolus , and thofe which fuf- 
tain the fruit, Pedunculus. 
A Spike, Spica , is a part of a ftalk thick fet with flowers 
or fruits, in fuch a manner as to form an acute cone. 
See plate 1. fig. 12. 
A Thyrfe, fee Fhyrfus, differs from a fpike in that the 
flowers or fruits are fet more loofely on it, fo that there 
are fpaces vifible between them. 
A Panicle, Panicula, is a ftalk diffufed into feveral pe- 
dicles fuftaining the flowers or fruits. See Plate 1. 
fig. 11. 
An Umbel, Umbella , is the extremity of a ftalk or 
branch, divided into feveral pedicles or rays, begin- 
ning from the fame point, and opening in fuch a man- 
ner as to form an inverted cone. See plate 1. fig. 13. 
When the pedicles (, a ), into which the ftalk is di- 
vided, are fubdivided into others of the fame form, 
upon which the flowers or fruits are difpofed ( b ). The 
firft order (a) is called rays, the fecond ( b ) Pedicles. 
That umbel which confifts of one pedicle only is called 
a fimple umbel. See fig. 15. plate r. That which 
is compofed both of rays and pedicles, is called a 
compound umbel, as fig. 13. 
A Corymbus differs from an umbel, in that the rays or 
pedicles are difpofed in fuch a manner, as to form a 
fphere. See plate 1. fig. 14. 
A twining ftalk, caulis volubilis , is one which twifts about 
any prop or tree without the help of tendrils. 
A climbing Stalk, Caulis fcandens, is that which fattens 
itfelf to any prop or neighbouring fupport by the help 
of tendrils. 
A creeping Stalk, Caulis repens , is that which lies on the 
ground, and propagates itfelf by emitting roots at the 
joints. 
A trailing, or procumbent ftalk, Caulis procumbens , is 
that which lies on the ground unlefs it is fupported, 
but does not emit roots, 
A Tendril, Capreolus or Clavicula , is a part of a ftalk, or 
rather a branch from the fide of a ftalk, placed oppo- 
fite to the leaf, which curls and lays hold on any adja- 
cent body, and thereby fupports the ftalk, as in the 
Vine, &c. 
A Fruit, Fruflus , is that part of a plant which contains 
the feed with its covering. Of this there are many 
different forms. 
A Cone, Conus , is a dry feed-veflel, con fitting of feve- 
ral ligneous parts, adhering clofely together, and fe- 
parating when ripe. Of this there are feveral forts 
which differ in their form and texture, as in plate 2. 
fig. 1. is a cone of the Pineafter, whofe ligneous fcales 
end in fharp protuberances, which open by the warmth 
of the fun in the fpring, and eafily emit the feeds. 
Fig. 2. plate 2. fhews the cone of the Cedar of Liba- 
nus, whofe fcales are fmooth, lying clofe over each 
other, and drop off, leaving the middle column on the 
branches. Fig. 3. platen, exhibits a cone of the Fir- 
tree, whofe fcales are fmooth, and the form oblonm 
Fig- 4» 5- pl ate 2 - fhews the cone of the Cypreis, 
which is of an irregular fpherical form, and the fcales 
feparate, emitting the feeds from between them. Fig. 
6. plate 2. represents the cone of the Pine-tree, whofe 
fcales terminate in blunt protuberances. 
Dry Seed-veffels, according to the number of cells into 
which they are divided, are called Unicapfular, Bi- 
capfular, Quinquecapfular, &c. See plate 2.- fig. 8, 9. 
An A.pple, Pomum , is generally underftood to be a fieftiy 
fruit inclofing feveral hard feeds in the center j but it 
is very difficult to know what the ancients meant by 
the title Pomum, for this title is frequently ufed in 
their writings to exprefs things of different forms, 
therefore this epithet fhould be only applied to thofe 
fruits which are umbilicated, and contain many feeds. 
See fig. 1 1, 12.- plate 2. 
Acini 
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