A P A 
plants will come up, and require no other care but to 
thin them and keep them clean from weeds. 
The third, fourth, and fifth forts are raifed from 
feeds, which fhould be fown in a dry foil, which is 
not too rich, either in April or May-, and in July 
the plants may be planted out into large borders, 
where they will flower the fpring following •, or they 
may be fown early in the fpring, for flowering the 
lame autumn, but then they are not fo likely to en- 
dure the winter •, and if the autumn prove bad, they 
will not perfect their feeds. 
Thefe plants grow extremely well upon old walls or 
buildings, in which places they will endure for feveral 
years whereas thofe planted in gardens feldom laft 
longer than two years, uniefs they are planted in a 
very poor foil, and the flowers often cropped, and not 
fuffered to feed ; but any of thefe forts may be con- 
tinued, by planting cuttings in any of the fummer 
months, which will eafily take root. 
All the forts of Snap-dragons are pretty ornaments 
in a garden, and requiring very little culture, are 
rendered more acceptable. They are all hardy plants, 
and will refill the cold of our winters extremely well, 
especially if they are planted on a dry, gravelly, or 
fandy foil ; for when they are planted in a rich moift 
foil, they will grow very luxuriant for a time, but 
are very fubje£t to rot in autumn or winter ; and are 
much more fulceptible of cold, than when they are 
in a dry, hungry, rocky foil; fo that thefe plants 
may be placed amongft llones, or they will grow in 
the joints of old walls, where they may be placed fo 
as to render fome abjed part of a garden very agree- 
able, for they will continue in flower feveral months; 
and if the feeds are permitted to filed, there will be 
a continual fupply of young plants, without any 
trouble. 
Wherever thefe plants are defigned to grow on walls, 
or on a rocky barren foil, the feeds fhould be fown 
the beginning of March, where they are defigned to 
remain; (for if the plants are firft raifed in a better 
foil, and afterward tranfplanted into thofe places, they 
feldom fucceed well.) When' the plants are come up, 
they will require no other culture but to keep them 
clear from weeds ; and where they come up too thick, 
to pull fome of them out, fo as to give them room 
to grow. In July thefe forts will begin to flower, and 
will continue flowering till the froft prevents them. 
Thofe plants which grow on walls, will have ftrong 
woody items, which will continue two or three years 
or more, and are rarely hurt by froft. 
APARINE [this plant is fo called, becaufe it is 
very rough ; it is called Philanthropon, of <pi aA, to 
love, and utyuTr©’, man ; becaufe if a perfon walks 
in uncultivated places, the plant not only applies itfelf 
to his garments, but it holds them, as if it had a 
mind to bind man with an amicable band :] Goofe- 
grafs cr Clivers. 
The common fort grows wild almoft every where, 
the feeds flicking to the cloaths of people that pafs 
by where they grow : it is fometimes ufed in medicine, 
but it is too common a weed to be admitted into a 
garden. 
There are fome other forts of this plant which are 
kept in botanic gardens for the fake of variety, which 
I fhall beg leave to enumerate here. 
1. Aparine femine kevi. Tourn. Goofe-grafs with a 
frnooth feed. This is under Gallium in Linnaeus. 
2. Aparine femine coriandri faccharati. Park. Theat. 
Goofe-grafs with fweet feeds like Coriander. 
3. Aparine pumiia fupina, fiore caeruleo. Tourn. Low 
trailing Goofe-grafs , with a blue flower. The two laft 
are included in Linnaeus’s genus of V ailantia. 
All thefe plants, if they are permitted to fcatter their 
feeds, will maintain themfelves in a garden without 
any other culture, than that of preventing other weeds 
from over-growing them, thefe being all very low 
plants. 
The firft fort grows wild in Cambridgeshire, as doth 
t«ke third about Liphoeck in Hampftiire, where I have 
gathered it. 
6 
A P I 
APET A L O IJ S plants, [of a privative, and 
Aw, a flower-leaf, G>.] are inch as have no petals or 
flower-leaves. 
APH AC A. See Lathyrus. 
APICES [of Apex, Lot. a top or point] thefe are 
called fummits by Vaillant, and are thofe little knobs 
that grow on the top of the ftamina in the middle of 
the flower : which are generally fuppofed to be a kind 
of male fperm, which when ripe, diffufes itfelf to 
every part of the flower, and fecundates the ovarium 
■ and renders it fruitful. 
API OS. See Glycine. 
A P I U M [Apium is fo called, as fome fay, of Apes* 
bees, becaufe bees are faid to be delighted very much 
with it,] Parfley. 
The Characters are. 
It is a plant with an umbelliferous flower ; the rays of the 
great umbel are flew , but thofe - of the fmaller are 5 many ; 
the involucr'um is in fome fpecies of one leaf and in others 
of many ; the petals of the greater umbel are uniform ; 
thefe are round , equal, and turn inward. Each flower has 
five Jlamina , crowned by roundifh fummits. Under the 
flower is fituated the germen , fupporting two reflexed ftyles , 
crowned by blunt ftigma ; the germen afterward becomes 
an oval channelled fruit, dividing into two parts, having 
two oval feeds channelled on one fide , and plain on the 
other. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feftion 
of Linnteus’s fifth clafs, entitled Pentandria Digynia, 
the flowers having five ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Apium {Petrofelinum) foliolis caulinis linearibus in- 
volucellis minutis. Hort. Cliff. 108. Parfley with very 
narrow leaves on the flower -ft alks. Apium hortenfe vel 
petrolelinum vulgo. C. B. P. Common Parfley. 
2. Apium ( Crifpum ) foliis radicalibus ampliorrbus criipis 
caulinis ovato-multifidis. Parfley with the lower leaves 
very broad and curled , the upper oval , and cut into many 
fegments. Apium vel petrofelinum crifpum. C. B. P. 
153. Curled Parfley. 
3. Apium ( Latifolium ) foliis radicalibus trifidis, ferratis, 
petiolis longiffimis. Parfley with under leaves divided 
into three parts , which are flawed, and have very long 
foot-ftalks. Apium hortenfe latifolium maxima crai- 
fiflima fuavi & eduli radice. Boerh. Ind. alt. Lhe 
large rooted Parfley. 
4. Apium ( Graveolens ) foliolis caulinis cuneiformibus. 
Hort. Cliff. 107. Parfley with the lower leaves fajhioned 
like a wedge. Apium paluftre five apium officinarum. 
C. B. P. 154. Smallage. 
5. Apium ( Bulce ) foliis ereftis, petiolis longiftimis fo- 
liolis quinque lobatis ferratis. Parfley with upright 
leaves, having very long foot-ftalks, and the fmaller leaves 
compofed of five flawed lobes. Apium dulce ceteri Ita- 
lorum. Inft. R. H. 305. Upright Celery. 
6 . Apium ( Rapaceum ) foliis patulis, petiolis brevibus, 
foliolis quinis ferratis, radice rotundo. Parfley with 
fpr ending leaves , having floor t foot -ft alks, the flnaller leaves 
having five lobes, and a round root. Apium dulce de- 
gener, radice rapacea. Julf. Celeriack , cr Turnep-rooted 
Celery. 
7. Apium (. Lujitanicum ) foliis radicalibus tribolatis, cau- 
linis quinque-lobatis crenatis. Parfley with under leaves 
having three lobes , and thofe on the ft alks five, which are 
indented. Apium Lufitanicum maximum, folio trilo- 
bate flore luteolo. Boerh. Ind. alt. 
The firft fort is the common Parfley, which is ge- 
nerally cultivated for culinary ufe ; and is what the 
College of Phyficians have directed to be ufed in me- 
dicine, under the title of Petrofelinum ; for when 
Apium is preferibed, the Smallage is always in- 
tended. 
The fecond fort has generally been fuppofed to 
be only a variety of the firft, but from many years 
trial I have always found, that if the feeds are carefully 
faved from plants of the curled-leaved Parfley, it 
will conftantly produce the fame ; but there are 
few perfons who will be at the trouble to fave the 
feeds fo carefully, as not to have fome of the common 
fort mixed with it ; for when feeds are bought at the 
Shops, 
