A Q^U 
porting awl-fhaped ftyles, which are longer than the fla- 
mina , crowned by ere hi ftigma ; the germen afterwards 
become five cylindrical veffels , which ft and upright , are 
parallel , pointed , open in one cell , which are filled 
with oval fkining feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftion of 
Linnseus’s thirteenth clafs, entitled Polyandria Pen- 
tagynia, the flowers having many ftamina and five 
ftyles. 
The Species are, 
. Aquilegia ( Vulgaris ) ne&aris reftis petalo lanceolato 
brevioribus. Lin.Sp. Plant. 533. Columbine with upright 
neblar turns fhorter than its petal, which is fpear-Jhaped. 
Aquilegia Sylveftris. C. B. P. 144. Wild Columbine. 
. Aquilegia {Alpina) necftariis re&is, petalis ovatis Ion- 
gioribus. Columbine with ere hi nehlarii, and longer oval 
flower-leaves. Aquilegia montana magno flore. C. B. P. 
. Aquilegia (• Inverfa ) ne&ariis incurvis. Hort. Upfal. 
Columbine with nehlarii turned inward. Aquilegia flore 
pleno inverfo, J. B. 485. Columbine with a double in- 
verted flower. 
. Aquilegia ( Canaderfis ) nedariis rectis ftaminibus co- 
rolla longioribus. Hort. Upfal 153. Columbine with 
ftraight nehlarii , and ftamina longer than the petals. Aqui- 
legia pumila preecox Canadenfis. Cornut. Canad. 60. 
Early dwarf Canada Columbine. 
The firft fort is found growing wild in the woods in 
fome parts of England •, I have frequently gathered 
it in the woods, near Bexley, in Kent •, and alfo be- 
tween Maidftone and Rochefter. The flowers of this 
are blue, the petals are fhort, and the nectarii are 
very prominent, in which it differs from the fecond, 
whofe petals are longer, and the nedarii do not rife 
fo high. This I found growing naturally near Ingle- 
borough Hill, in Yorkfhire. The flowers of this are 
much larger than thofe of the Garden Columbine, 
and the feeds which I fowed of this in the garden 
at Chelfea, produced the fame fpecies without the leaft 
variation. 
The third is the Garden Columbine, of which there 
are great varieties, not only in the colour and fulnefs 
of their flowers, but alfo in their form. In fome 
there are no vifible nedarii, but in place of them a 
multiplicity of petals, fo that the flowers are as dou- 
ble as thofe of the Larkfpur. Thefe are commonly 
called Rofe Columbines; the colours of thefe are 
chefnut, blue, red, and white, and fome are finely 
variegated with two colours. 
There are others with fharp pointed petals, which 
expand in form of a ftar •, of thefe there are Angle and 
double flowers, of the feveral colours as the former. 
From the different fhape of thefe flowers, any perfon 
not well fkilled in the culture of plants, would fup- 
pofe they were diftind from the others ; but having 
feveral years fown their feeds, which were colleded 
with great care, I have found them always varying 
from one to the other : therefore I have not enume- 
rated their varieties here, knowing they can never be 
preferved the fame from feeds, however carefully they 
are faved : however, as the forts with variegated flow- 
ers are efteemed the greateft beauties, fo thofe per- 
fons, w r ho are deflrous to have them in perfedion, 
fhould root out all thofe plants whofe flowers are not 
well marked, or at leaft cut off their ftems fo loon as 
their flowers appear, leaving only the moft beautiful 
to feed, that the farina of the plain flowers, may not 
impregnate the others, whereby the plants raifed from 
their feeds may not be degenerated, of which too 
much care cannot be taken. 
Thefe plants are all raifed by flowing the feeds, or 
parting the old roots, but the former method is chiefly 
pradifed ; for the old roots are very apt to degenerate 
after they have blown two or three years, fo as to 
become quite plain. 
The feeds fhould be fown in a nurfery-bed in Auguft 
or September, for the feeds which are kept till fpring 
feldom grow well, or at leaft remain in the ground a 
whole year. The fpring following the plants will ap- 
pear above ground, therefore fhould be kept clear 
from weeds, and if the feafon fhould be dry, they 
A R A 
fhould be refrefhed with water, that they may gather' 
ftrength. 
In the middle or latter end of May, thefe plants will 
be ftrong enough to tranfplant ; therefore fome beds 
of good frefh undunged earth fhould be prepared, 
planting them therein at eight or nine inches diftance 
every way, keeping them clear from weeds, and re- 
frefhing them with a little water, as they may re- 
quire it. 
In the following autumn, by which time the plants 
will have acquired ftrength enough to flower the 
fummer following, the roots fhould be carefully taken 
up, and planted in the borders of the flower-garden; 
but where their roots are defigned to be preferved in 
perfedion, all their flower-ftems fhould be cut off, 
as foon as the flowers are paft, to prevent their de- 
generating by the commixture of the farina from 
other flowers. 
But in order to be fure of having no Angle or bad 
flowers in the borders, you may fuffer the plants to 
remain in the nurfery-beds until they have blown 5 
at which time you may put a itick by each root you 
fancy to preferve, or pull out all the Angle or bad co- 
loured ones, and throw them away, cutting off all 
the flowers from your beft roots as foon as they have 
fhewn themfelves, which will greatly add to the pre- 
ferring them fair in their colours. 
In order to keep up a fuccefllon of good flowers, 
frefh feeds fhould be fown every year ; and if you can 
meet with a friend, at fome diftance, who is furnifhed 
with good flowers of this kind, it will be very ad- 
vantageous to both parties, to exchange feeds once 
in two years, by which they will not be fo apt to de- 
generate into plain colours. 
In laving the feeds of the variegated columbines, 
great care fhould be taken not to fuffer any plain flow- 
ers to remain for feed, there being generally fome 
plain flowers intermixed with the ftriped ones on the 
fame plant, and often in the fame branches : thefe 
fhould be cut off, for if they are permitted to feed, 
or if their farina mix and impregnate the ftriped 
flowers, they will degenerate into plain colours ; fo 
that there cannot be too much care taken in favinp- 
the feeds, where the beauty of their flowers are re- 
garded. 
The Canada Columbine flowers almoft a month be- 
fore the other forts ; for which reafon it is preferved 
in the gardens of the curious, though there is no great 
beauty in the flowers. There is another variety of 
this fort, with taller flower-ftems, which flowers a 
little after the other, but do not differ, either in the 
fhape of its flowers or leaves from this, fo I conclude 
they are but one diftinct fpecies. The Canada Co- 
lumbines flower in April, and their feeds ripen the 
beginning of Auguft. The other forts flower toward 
the end of May, and in cool feafons will continue to 
produce flowers till the middle of July, and their 
feeds ripen toward the middle or end of September, 
according as the feafon proves more or Ids favou- 
rable. 
The firft fort is that which is direded for medicinal 
ufe in the difpenfaries, but at prefent is very rarely 
ordered. 
ARAB IS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 732. Baftard Tower 
Muftard. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a four-leaved empalement , two of the op- 
pofite leaves being large , and the other two narrow ; thefe 
fall off. The flower hath four petals in form of a crcfs , 
which fpread open ; at the bottom of each is Jituated a re- 
flexed nehlarium fixed to the empalement , and between thefe 
arifle fix upright ftamina , two of which are no longer than 
the flower-cup , the other four are much longer : thefe are 
crowned with heart-fhaped fummits. In the center is fitu- 
ated a taper germen, which is as long as the ftamina, 
having no ftyle , but the obtufle ftigma refs upon it. This 
afterward becomes a narrow , long, compreffed pod opening 
lengthways , having two valves and a thin partition, be- 
tween which is lodged a row of flat feeds. 
T 
This 
