ARB 
to the places where they are defigned to grow. As 
thefe plants do not come out very early in the fpring, 
fo they often continue growing pretty late in the au- 
tumn, which caufes the extreme parts of their fhoots 
1 to be very tender, whereby they often fuffer from the 
early frofts in autumn, which frequently kill the upper 
parts of the fihoots ; but as their woody ftems are 
feldom injured, fo they put out new branches below: 
and if in very fevere winters the ftems are deftroyed, 
yet the roots will remain, and put out new ones the 
following fummer, therefore they fhould not be de- 
ftroyed. 
This plant may alfo be propagated by its roots, for 
as they fpread far in the ground, fo if they are laid 
open, and fome of the ftrongeft are feparated from 
the plant and left in the ground, they will put out 
new ftems and make new plants. Or if part of the 
roots are taken off and planted on a moderate hot-bed, 
they will pulli out ftems in plenty, fo may be increafed 
with eafe. 
ARBOR, a tree, is defined to be a gemmiparous 
plant, with a Angle trunk or Item, abounding with 
fihoots. This is the only definition which conveys an 
idea whereby to diftinguifh a tree from a ftirub, which 
is a gemmiparous plant, with many ftems or trunks. 
ARBOR C AMPHORIFERA. See Laurus. 
ARBOR CORAL. See Erythrina. 
ARBOR JUDfE. See Cercis. 
ARBOREOUS [Arbor eus, Lat. of, or belonging to, 
or of the nature of, trees.] An epithet which bota- 
nifts apply to thofe fungufes, or moffes which grow 
on trees, in diftindtion from thofe that grow on the 
ground; as Agaric, Jews-ear, &c. 
ARBOURS [ Arboreta , of Arbor, Lat. a tree.] Thefe 
were formerly in greater efteem with us than at pre- 
fers ; few gardens were without covered arbours, and 
fhady feats - ; but of late they have been much re- 
jected, and that not without good reafon ; for befides 
the great expence in their firft eredting, they were a 
continual charge keeping repaired ; for the wet foak- 
ing through the leaves of the trees to the wood- work, 
was, by the continual fhade, and for the want of free 
air, detained fo long as to rot the wood (which, if 
wholly expofed to the weather, would have lafted fe- 
ven or eight) in two or three years ; befide, the feats 
are continually damp, and unhealthy ; for which rea- 
fon, covered feats or alcoves, are every where, at this 
time, preferred to them. 
Arbours are generally made of lattice- work, either in 
wood or iron, and covered with Elms, Limes, Horn- 
beam ; or with Creepers, as Honeyfucldes, Jafmines, 
or Paftion-flowers ; either of which will anfwer the 
purpofe very well, if rightly managed. 
ARBUTUS, the Strawberry-tree. 
The Characters are, 
Lhe flower hath a finally obtufe , permanent empalement , 
which is cut into five parts , upon which the germen fits. 
The flower is of one leaf \ fhaped like a pitcher , and di- 
vided into five parts at the brim , . which turn backward. 
It hath ten Jhcrt ftamina , which are joined at the bottom 
to the fl.ower leaf ; thefe are crowned with bifid fiummits. 
At the bottom of the flower is fiituated the globular ger- 
mcn, fupp or ting a cylindrical ftyle , crowned by a thick blunt 
fiigma. After the flower is paft , the germen becomes an 
oval or round berry , having five cells , which are filled 
with hard feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the tenth clafs of 
Linnaeus, entitled Decandria Monogynia, from the 
flowers having ten ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Arbutus ( Unedo ) folks glabris ferratis, baccis poly- 
fpermis, caule erecto arboreo. Strawberry-tree with 
fimooth flawed leaves , beiwies having many feeds , and an 
upright trunk. Arbutus folio ferrato. C. B. P. 460. 
2. Arbutus ( Andrachne ) foliis glabris integerrimis, bac- 
cis polyfpermis caule erecto arboreo. Strawberry-tree 
with fimooth entire leaves , berries full, of feeds , and an 
eredl woody f ern. Arbutus folio non ferrato. C. B. P. 
46. Andrachne Theophrafti. Cluf Hifr. 48. called 
A 11 B 
3. Arbutus ( Acadienfis ) caulibus procumbentibus foliis 
ovatis fubferratis ftoribus fparfis baccis polyfpermis. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 395. Arbutus with trailing J talks, oval 
leaves , fiomewhat indented , flowers growing loofiely , and 
many feeds. Vitis idtea Acadienfis foliis Alaterni. 
Toum. Inft. 
4. Arbutus (Albina) 'caulibus procumbentibus foliis ru- 
gofis ferratis. Flor. Lap. 161. Arbutus with trailing 
folks and rough flawed leaves. Vitis idaea foliis oblon- 
gis albicantibus. C. B. P. 470. 
5. Arbutus caulibus procumbentibus folks integer- 
rimis. Flor. Lap. 162. Arbutus with trailing ft alks and 
entire leaves. 
6 . Arbutus (Uva Urfi) caulibus diffufis, folks emargi- 
natis. Arbutus with diffufed flalks and indented leaves. 
Uva urfi. Cluf Hift. 1. p. 63. Bear Berry. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Italy, Spain, and alfo 
in Ireland, and is now very common in the Englifti 
gardens. Of this fort there are the following varie- 
ties, viz. one with an oblong flower and oval fruit ; 
another with a double flower, and a third with red 
flowers ; but thefe being only feminal varieties, I have 
not mentioned them as fpecies ; though for the fake 
of the curious, I fhall give a farther account of 
them. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in the eaft, parti- 
cularly about Magnefia, where it is fo plenty, as to 
be the principal fuel ufed by the inhabitants of the 
country. This grows to a middle fized tree ; the 
branches are irregular, and are garnifhed with large 
oval leaves, fomewhat like thofe of the Bay-tree, but 
not quite fo long ; thefe are fmooth and entire, having 
no ferratures on their edges ; the flowers are fhaped 
like thofe of the common Arbutus, but grow thinly 
on the branches. The fruit is oval, and of the fame 
colour and confiftence with the common fort, but the 
feeds of this are fiat, whereas thofe -of the common 
fort are pointed and angular. Tournefort enumerates 
three other varieties of this tree, which he obferved in 
the Levant, one with fawed leaves, which is now in 
many Englifh gardens, and paffes for the Andrachne: 
another with a large oblong fruit, and a third with 
large compreffed fruit : but it is doubtful if they are 
not accidental varieties, which have been produced 
from feeds of the firft. 
The common Strawberry-tree is too well known to 
require any defeription of it here, being at prefent in 
moft of the Englifh gardens, and is one of the greatefl 
ornaments to them in the months of October and 
November, that being the feafon when the trees are 
in flower, and the fruit of the former year is ripe, for 
the fruit is a whole year growing to perfeftion ; fo 
that the fruit which is produced from the flowers of 
one year, do not ripen till the bloffoms of the fuc- 
ceeding y\ir are fully blown ; fo that when there is 
plenty of fruit and flowers upon the trees, they make 
a goodly appearance, and at a feafon when moft other 
trees are paft their beauty. 
Thofe trees which have large oval fruit, make the 
greatefl figure, the flowers of this being larger, and 
oblong. The fort with double flowers is a curioftty, 
but as the flowers have only two orders of leaves, fo 
they make no great appearance ; nor do the trees pro- 
duce fruit in any plenty, therefore the other is more 
preferable. The fort with red flowers makes a pretty 
variety, when intermixed with the other ; for the out-, 
fide of them are of a fine red colour at their firft ap- 
pearance, and afterward they change to purple before 
they fall off. The fruit of this is the fame with the 
common fort. All thefe varieties are preferved, by 
inarching or grafting them imon the common Ar- 
butus, for the feeds of either do not produce the fame 
kind ; though from the feeds of the oval fruit, there 
is generally many more of the fame produced, than 
from the feeds of the common fort. 
The befl method to propagate the Arbutus is from 
feeds ; therefore when the fruit is perfeflly ripe, it 
fhould be gathered and mixed with dry hand, to pre- 
ferve them till the time for fowing them; the furefl 
method of raifing the plants, is to low the feeds in 
pots. 
