ARC . 
The Characters are. 
The ernpalement of the flower is fcaly , each flak ending in a 
long thorn which is reflexed at the point. The flower is 
compofed of many florets , ivhich are tubulous , uniform , 
and of one leaf. The tube is long and /lender , ' cut into 
jive narrow fegments at the top : thefe have each five floort 
/lender J lamina , which are crowned by cylindrical fummits. 
The germen is Jvtuated at the bottom of the tube , having 
a hairy tip , Supporting a long /lender ftyle , crowned by 
a bifid reflexed ftigma \ the germen afterward becomes a 
jingle , pyramidal , angular feed , crowned with down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s feventeenth clafs, entitled Syngenefia Po-' 
lygamia iEqualis, there being an equal number of fe- 
male and hermaphrodite flowers included in one com- 
mon ernpalement. 
The Species are, 
1. Arctium {Lappa) foliis cordatis inermibus petiolatis 
capitulis majoribus fparfis. Burdock with heart-jhaped 
leaves without prickles , having foot-ftalks , and large 
heads growing flatteringly. 
2. Arctium (Perfonata ) foliis cordatis inermibus, capi- 
tulis minoribus compadtis. Burdock with heart-floaped 
leaves without J pines , and fmall heads growing clofe to- 
gether. 
3. Arctium (Tomentofis) foliis cordatis inermibus, ca- 
pitulis tomento-reticulatis. Burdock with heart-jhaped 
leaves without fpines , and woolly netted leaves. 
The two firft forts are common weeds, growing on 
the fides of roads and foot-paths in moft parts of 
England, and are not admitted into gardens. The 
firft is ordered for medicinal ufe by the college of 
phyficians, therefore I have inferted it here : the fe- 
cond is by many fuppofed to be only a variety of the 
firft, but I have for feveral years fown the feeds of 
both forts in the Chelfea garden, where they have con- 
ftantly 'retained their difference, fo may be allowed 
to be diftindt fpecies. The- firft is titled by Cafpar 
Bauhin, Lappa major, five Ardtium Diofcorides. Pin. 
192. Greater Burdock^ or ArAium of Diofcorides. The 
fecond is titled by Vaillant, Lappa vulgaris capitulo 
minore. Adi. Par. 1718. Common Burdock with a fmall 
head,. 
The third fort is not a native of England, but grows 
naturally on the Apennine mountains. The leaves 
of this are like thofe of the common fort, but are 
whiter on their under fide ; the heads are more com- 
padl, and the florets are of a bright red colour ; but the 
greateft difference is in their empalements, which in 
this fort are beautifully netted with a fine down all over. 
This is alfo fuppofed to be only a variety of the com- 
mon fort, but I have cultivated it above forty years, 
during which time it has never varied, fo that it is cer- 
tainly a diftindt fpecies. This is by Cafpar Bauhin 
titled, Lappa major montana capitulis tomentofis. Pin. 
198. Greater Mountain Burdock with woolly heads. 
As thefe plants are feldom admitted into gardens, it 
is needlefs to fay any thing of their culture ; but 
where they are troublefome wee'ds, it may not be 
amils to mention, that their roots laft but two years, 
fo may be deftroyed with lefs trouble than fuch as 
have perennial roots ; for if they are cut up before 
they feed, in two or three years they may be entirely 
rooted out 4 , for the plants which come up from feed, 
do not flower till the fecond year, and when the feeds 
are perfected their roots decay. 
ARCTOTIS. This hath been ufualiy known un- 
der the title of Anemonofpermos, from the refem- 
blanc.e the feeds of thefe plants have to that of the A- 
nemone. ^ 1 
The Characters are, 
The common ernpalement is roundi/h and fcaly , thofe- on the 
lower part are loofe and awl- fo aped , the middle oval , and 
thofe on the top concave. The flower is compofed of many 
female florets which are ranged on the border •, thefe have 
, i one fide fir etched out like a tongue, which are called the 
rays , having an oval four-cornered germen fituated in their 
center , crowned with down , fupporting a fle?ider ftyle , 
crowned by two oval ftigma •, the germen af terward be- 
comes a jingle rcmdi/h feed , covered with a fofi down. 
The middle or dijk of the flower is compofed of hermaphro- 
dite florets, which are funnel- fh aped, and divided at the 
top into five parts , which are reflex ed $ thefe have five fta- 
mina , crowned by floort fummits in the center is placed ■ 
a [mail germen, fupporting a cylindrical ftyle with a Jingle 
ftigma. Thefe flowers are abortive. - 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fourth fection 
of Linnaeus’s feventeenth clafs, entitled Syngenefia 
Polygamia Neceffaria, the flowers of this fection be- 
ing compofed of female and hermaphrodite florets ; 
in feme fpecies the florets in the dilk are fertile, and 
in others they are fterile. 
The Species are, 
1. Arctotis ( Triftis ) fiofculis radiantibus vicenis tripar- 
ti tis. Lin. Sp. 1306. Arblotis with the'rays hf 'the flower , 
compofed of florets cut into three fegments. Anemono- 
fpermos Afra, foliis & facie taraxaci incanis. Ereyn. 
Prod. t. 15. 
2. Arctotis ( Anguftifolia ) fiofculis radiantibus fertili- 
bus, foliis ianceolatis integris dentatis, Lin. Sp. 1306. 
Arftotis whofle florets in the rays are fertile, and fpear- 
floaped, entire, indented leaves. Anemonofpermos A fra, 
folio ferrato rigido flore intus fulphureo extus puni- 
ceo. Boerh. Ind. Alt. 1. p. 1. 100. < 
3. Arctotis ( Afpera ) fiofculis radiantibus fertilibus, 
foliis pinnato-linuatis villofis laciniis oblongis denta- 
tis. Lin. Sp. 1307. Arctotis whofle rays of the flower are 
fertile and woolly, with Jinuated , oblong, indented leaves. A- 
nemonofpermos Afra, folio Jacobaeae tenuiter laciniato 
flore aurantio pulcherrimo. Boerh. Ind. Alt. 1. p. 100. 
4. Arctotis ( Calendula ) fiofculis radiantibus fterilibus 
duodenis fubintegris, foliis lyratis nigro denticulatis. 
Lin. Sp. 1306. Arbi otis who frays of the flower are fte- 
rile and intire, and the leaves are lyre-fhaped and indented. 
Anemonofpermos Africana Jacobis maritime foliis 
flore fulphureo. Com. Rar. 36. 
5. Arctotis ( Plantaginea ) fiofculis radiantibus fertili- 
bus, foliis lanceolato-ovatis nervofis decurrentibus am- 
plexicaulibus. Lin. Sp. 1306. Arctotis whofle rays of 
the flower are fertile , and oval, fpearfhaped, nervous . , 
running leaves embracing the /talks. Anemonoipermos 
Afra, folio plantaginis, florum radiis intus aureis ex- 
tus puniceis. Boerh. Ind. 1. p. 100. 
6. Arctotis ( Acaulis ) pedunculis radicalisms, foliis ly- 
ratis. Lin. Sp. 1306. Arbi Otis whofe foot-ftalks arifle 
from the root , and the leaves are lyre-fhaped. Anemo- 
fpermos Africana, folio plantiginis flore fulphureo. 
Com. Rar. 35. 
7. Arctotis foliis pinnato-laciniatis crifpis caule ra- 
mofo fruticolo. Arbtotis with winged,, jagged, curled 
leaves, and a branching florubby ft alk. Anemonofper- 
mos Africana foliis Cardui benedidti florum radiis in- 
tus albicantibus. Hort. Amft. 2. 45. 
8. Arctotis ( 'Paleacea ) fiofculis radiantibus fterilibus, 
paleis flofculos difci jequantibus, foliis pinnatis line- 
aribus. Amcen. Acad. 6 . Afr. 84. Arbtotis whofe rays 
of the flower are barren, the flaks of the flowers in the 
dfk equal, and linear winged leaves. After foliis inte- 
gris anguftis, flore magno luteo. Burm. Afr. 176. 
Thefe plants are natives of the country about the 
Cape of Good Hope, from whence they have been 
brought to -fome curious gardens. 
The firft fort here mentioned is an annual plant, 
which may be fown upon a warm border of light 
earth in the open air, in the middle of April, where 
they are defigned to remain ; thefe flower in Auguft, 
and if the feafon proves favourable, they will perfect 
feeds very well, and the plants will grow much 
ftronger than thofe raffed upon a hot-bed •, but, as 
in cold feafons thefe may fail to perfect their feeds, it 
will be a fecure method to raife fome upon . the hot- 
bed, which never fails to perfedt feeds, provided they 
are not treated too tenderly. 
The fecond, third, fourth, and feventh forts, grow 
to the height of four or five feet, fending forth many 
branches •, therefore will require to be frequently 
pruned, to keep them in tolerable order, efpeciall y 
the feventh, which fends forth ftrong rambling fhcots, 
when their roots are not much confined in the pots, 
but more fo when they are duly watered. 
Thefe 
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