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A R I 
. Ariftolochia rotunda flore ex purpura ni'gro, 
• P - 3 ° 7 - 
2. Aristolochia {Longa) foliis eordatis petiolatis inte- 
gerrimis obtufiuiculis, caule infirmo floribus folita- 
riis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 962. Birthwort with entire, heart- 
floaped , blunt leaves , having foot-fialks , ^ weak fialk , 
flowers growing fingly. Ariftolochia longa vera. 
C. B. P. 307. 
3. Aristolochia {Clematitis ) foliis eordatis caule e recto 
floribus axillaribus confertis. Hort. Uplal. 279, Birth- 
wort with heart-fhaped leaves , ' <222 upright fialk , 
fiowers growing in clufiers from the fide. Ariftolochia 
clematitis rebta. C. B. P. 307. 
4. Aristolochia ( Pifiolochia ) foliis eordatis, crenula- 
tis petiolatis, floribus folitariis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 962. 
Birthwort with heart-fhaped indented leaves , having foot- 
fialks , flowers growing fingly. Ariftolochia piftolo- 
chia dibta. C. B. P. 307. 
5. Aristolochia ( Sempervirens ) foliis cordato-oblongis 
undatis, caule infirmo, floribus folitariis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 961. Birthwort with oblong , heart-fhaped , waved 
leaves , 22 weak fialk , fiowers growing fingly . Arif- 
tolochia pifiolochia di&a Cretica foliis fmilacis fem- 
pervirens. H. L. 
6. Aristolochia {Serpentaria) foliis cordato-oblongis 
planis, caulibus infirmis flexuofis, teretibus floribus, 
folitariis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 961. Birthwort with plain , 
oblong , heart-fhaped , flexible , fialks , flowers 
growing fingly. Ariftolochia pifiolochia five ferpenta- 
taria Virginiana. Pluk. Aim. 50.- Virginia Snakeroot. 
7. Aristolochia ( Arborefcens ) foliis cordato-lanceolatis 
caule erecto fruticofo. Lin. Sp. Plant. 960. Birthwort 
with fpear-fhaped leaves in form of a heart , ^ «p- 
ngdtf fhrubby fialk. Ariftolochia polyrrhizos auricu- 
latis foliis Virginiana. Pluk. Aim. 50. 
8. Aristolochia ( Indica ) foliis cordato-oblongis caule 
volubili pedunculis multifioris. Flor. Zeyl. 323. 
Birthwort with oblong heart-fhaped leaves , a twining 
fialk , and many fiowers upon each f 00 t-ftalk. Ariftolo- 
chia fcandens odoratiflima floris labello purpureo fe- 
mine cordato. Sloan. Cat. Jam. 60. Contrayerva of 
Jamaica. 
9. Aristolochia ( Hirta ) foliis eordatis obtufiufculis 
hirtis floribus folitariis pendulis recurvatis fubtrunca- 
tis. Lin. Sp. 1365. Hairy Birthwort with obtufe heart- 
fhaped leaves , and hanging recurved flowers growing fin - 
gly , formed like a lip. Ariftolochia longa fubhirfuta 
folio oblongo flore maximo. Tourn. Cor. 8. 
10. Aristolochia {Scandens) foliis eordatis petiolis lon- 
giflimis, caule fcandente, floribus terminalibus pe- 
dunculis longiflimis. Birthwort with a climbing fialk , 
heart-fhaped leaves with very long foot-fialks , and flowers 
growing at the end of the branches upon very long foot- 
fialks. 
11. Aristolochia ( Conferta ) foliis eordatis petiolatis, 
caule fcandente, floribus axillaribus confertis. Birth- 
wort with heart-Jhaped leaves , a climbing fialk , and flow- 
ers growing in clufiers from the wings of the fialk. 
12. Aristolochia ( Repens ) foliis lanceolatis feflilibus 
fubhirfutis, caule ere&o floribus folitariis longiflimis. 
Birthwort with fpear-fhaped hairy leaves growing elefe 
to the branches , an upright fialk , and very long flowers 
growing fingly. Ariftolochia ereda flore atro purpu- 
/reo foliis anguftis radice repente. Houft. MSS. 
13. Aristolochia ( Maxima ) foliis oblongo-ovatis ob- 
tufis integerrimisf caule fcandente floribus terminali- 
bus, frudibus hexangularibus maximis. Birthwort 
with a climbing fialk , oblong , oval, entire , blunt leaves , 
flowers growing at the ends of the branches , and very large 
fruit with fix angles. 
The ftrft and fecond forts grow naturally in the fouth 
of France, in Spain, and Italy, from whence their 
roots are brought for medicinal ufe. The roots of 
the firft fort are roundifli, and grow to the fize of 
final! Turneps, in ihape and colour like the roots of 
the common Cyclamen ; the roots of which are fre- 
quently fold in the markets for thofe of the round 
Birthwort, which at firft may have been occafioned by 
the fuppofed virtues of the roots of the Cyclamen. , 
This fends out three or four weak trailing branches. 
which he on the ground where they are not fupported, 
and extend to the length of two feet ; the leaves are 
heart-fhaped, and rounded at their extremity ; thefe 
are placed alternately on the ftalks, and clofe to the 
foot-fialks of the leaves, the flowers come out fingly, 
at every leaf, toward the upper part of the fialk. 
They are of a ptirplifh black colour, and ftiaped like 
thole of the other forts, and are frequently fucceeded 
by feed-veffels, having fix cells, which are full 
of flat feeds. The flowers appear in June and July, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The lecond fort hath long tap roots, ftiaped like thofe 
of Carrots •, thefe fend out weak trailing branches, 
which extend little more than a foot*, the leaves of 
this fort are paler, and have longer foot-ftalks than 
the firft, placed alternately, and the flowers come out 
from the wings of the leaves like the other, which 
are not lo long, and are of a pale purple colour : they 
are fometimes fucceeded by oblong feed-veflels, hav- 
ing fix cells filled with comprefied feeds. The ftalks 
of both thefe forts decay in the autumn, and new 
ones are produced in the Ip ring. 
They are both propagated by feeds, whichfhould.be 
fown in the autumn, in pots filled with light earth, 
and placed under a frame, to be fereened from the 
froft ; but the glaftes Ihould be taken off at all times 
when the weather is mild. If thefe pots are put into 
a gentle hot-bed in March, it will bring up the plants 
much fooner than they otherwife would rife. As the 
feafon advances, the plants Ihould be inured by de- 
grees to bear the open air : when the pots are taken 
out of the bed, they muft be placed where they may 
enjoy the morning fun, but fereened from it in the 
heat of the day. Gentle refrefhings of water muft 
be in dry weather given to the plants during the 
fummer, but in the autumn, when their ftalks begin 
to decay, they muft have little wet. In the winter 
the pots muft be fheltered as before ; and in March, 
before the roots begin to fhoot, they Ihould be tranf- 
planted into feparate fmall pots filled with light earth, 
and fet under the frame, where they ihould remain 
till fpring ; then they may be removed into the open 
air, and treated in the fame manner as in the former 
fummer, and fheltered alfo the following winter. 
The next fpring they may be turned out of the pots, 
and planted in a warm border, where, during the 
fummer, they will require no other care but to keep 
them clean from weeds ; and in the autumn when 
their ftalks are decayed, if the border is covered with 
old tanners bark to keep out the froft, the roots will 
be fecured ; but where this care is not taken, the 
roots are frequently killed by froft. With this ma- 
nagement the roots will thrive much better than thofe 
which are kept in pots, and continue longer; and 
when they are three years old, they will flower and 
produce plenty of feeds, whereas thofe in pots feldom 
perfect their feeds in England. 
When the feeds of thefe plants are fown in the fpring, 
the plants will not appear till the fpring following ; fo 
that a whole feafon is loft, and many times they fail, 
therefore it Ihould always be fown in the autumn. 
The third fort grows naturally in France, Spain, Italy, 
and Hungary, but is preferved in fome of the Englifh 
gardens, becaufe it is fometimes ufed in medicine. 
This is a terrible plant for creeping at the root ; fo 
that if once it has taken in a garden, it will be diffi- 
cult to extirpate again, and will over-run whatever 
plants grow near it ; therefore it flhould be planted in 
fome abjetft part of the garden by itfelf, for it will 
thrive in almoft any foil or fituation. 
The fourth fort grows wild in Spain, Italy, and the 
fouth of France ; but in England it is preferved, for 
variety, in botanic gardens. The plants of this iort 
muft be planted in pots filled with light rich earth, 
and fheltered from fevere cold in winter, otherwife 
they will not live ; but they Ihould have as much free 
air as poflible in mild weather. This produces flowers 
every year, but never perfects its feeds in this 
country. 
The 
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