ARM 
into the gravel or chalk, but rather extend themfelves 
near the furface, where they will meet with better 
foil : and as the trees are of long duration, and old 
trees being not only more fruitful than young, but 
the fruit is alfo better flavoured, therefore the pro- 
viding for their continuance is abfolutely necdfary. 
The foil I would in general advife to be ufed for thefe, 
and all other forts of fruit-trees, is frefh untried earth, 
from a pafture ground, taken about ten inches deep, 
with the turf, and laid to rot and mellow at leaft 
twelve months before it is ufed, mixing a little rotten 
dung with it ; this muft be often turned, to fiveeten 
and imbibe the nitrous particles of the air. 
When the former foil of the border is taken away,, 
this frefh earth fhould be carried in the place ; and if 
the borders are filled with it two months before the 
trees are planted, the ground will be better fettled, 
and not fo liable to fink after the trees are planted : 
in filling of the borders, the ground Ihould be railed 
four or five inches above the level they are defigned, 
to allow for the fettling. 
The borders being thus prepared, make choice of 
fuch trees as are but of one year’s growth from bud- 
ding ; and if the foil is dry, or of a middling temper, 
October is the bell feafon for planting, efpecially 
having at that time a greater choice of trees from 
the nurferies, before they have been picked and drawn 
over by other people. The manner of preparing thefe 
trees for planting being the fame in common with 
other fruit trees, I fhall refer the reader to the article 
of Peaches, where he will find it largely treated of. 
At the time of planting no part of the head of the 
trees fhould be cut off, unlefs there are any ftrong 
foreright fhoots which will not come to the wall, 
which may be taken quite away. 
The trees being thus prepared, you muft mark out 
the diftances they are to Hand, which in a good ftrong 
foil, or againft a low wall, fhould be twenty feet or 
more ; but in a moderate one, eighteen feet is a good 
reafonable diftance ; then make a hole where each tree 
is to ftand, and place its ftem about four inches from 
the wall, inclining the head thereto ; and after having 
fixed the tree in the ground, nail the branches to the 
wall, to prevent their fhaking, and cover the furface 
of the ground round the root with rotten dung, to 
keep out the froft : in this ftate let it remain till the 
end of February or the beginning of March, when if 
the weather is good, you muft unnail the branches of 
your trees, fo as not to difturb their roots ; and, being 
provided with a fharp knife, put your foot clofe to 
the ftem of the tree ; and having placed your left- 
hand to the bottom of the tree, to prevent its being 
difturbed, with your right-hand cut off the head 
of the tree, if it has but one ftem; or where it may 
have two or more fhoots, each of them muft be 
fhortened, to about four or five eyes above the bud, 
fo that the (loping fide may be toward the wall. 
In the fpring, if the weather proves dry, it will be 
neceflary to give the trees a gentle refrefhing with 
water ; in the doing of which, if they watered with 
a rofe to the watering-pot all over their heads, it 
will greatly help them ; and alfo lay fome turf, in the 
manner direffed for Apples, or fome other mulch, 
round their roots, to prevent their drying during the 
fummer feafon ; and in the fpring, as new branches 
are produced, obferve to nail them to the wall in a 
horizontal pofition ; and fuch (hoots as are produced 
fore-right, muft be entirely difplaced. This muft be 
repeated as often as is neceflary, to prevent their 
hanging from the wall, but by no means flop any of 
the fhoots in fummer. . 
At Michaelmas, when the trees have done growing, 
their branches fhould be unnailed, and fhorten them 
in proportion to their ftrength ; a vigorous branch 
may be left eight or nine inches long, but a weak one 
fhould not be left above five or fix. I fuppofe many 
perfons will wonder at this direflion, efpecially having 
allowed fuch a diftance between the trees, as believing, 
by this management, the wall will never be filled ; 
but my reafon for it is, that I would have no part of 
ARN 
the wall left unfurnished with bearing wood i wli'cli 
O J 
muft confequently be the cafe, if the branches are 
left to a greater length at firft ; for it feldom happens, 
that more buds than two or three upon each branch 
, ^ A 
(hoot ; and thefe are, for the moft part, fuch as are 
at or near the extreme part of the laft year’s wood ; fo 
that all the lower part of the (hoots become naked, nor 
will they ever after produce fhoots ; and this is the 
reafon, we fee lb many trees which have their bearing 
wood iitUated only in the extreme part of the tree. 
When you have (horte.ned the fhoots, 1 be fare to nail 
them as horizontally as poffible, for upon this it is 
that the future good of the tree chiefly depends. 
The fecond fummer obferve, as in the firft, to dif- 
place all fore-right (hoots as they are produced, nail- 
ing in the other clofe to the wall horizon tally, fo that 
the middle of the tree may be kept open ; and never 
fhorten any of the (hoots in fummer, unlefs to furnifh 
branches to fill vacant places on the wall ; and never 
do this later than the end of April, for reafons here- 
after given in the article of Peaches. At Michaelmas 
fhorten thefe fhoots, as was directed for the firft year; 
the ftrong ones may be left nine or ten inches, and 
the weak ones fix or feven at moft. 
The following year’s management will be nearly the 
fame with this, but only obferve, that Apricots pro- 
duce their bloftom buds, not only upon the laft year’s 
wood, but alfo upon the curfons, or fpurs, which are 
produced from the two years wood; a great care 
fhould therefore be had in the fummer management, 
not to hurt or difplace thefe : obferve alfo to fhorten 
the branches at the winter pruning, fo as to furnifh 
frefh wood in every part of the tree ; and be fure to 
cut out entirely all luxuriant branches, or difplace 
them as foon as they are produced ; which, if left to 
grow, would exhauft thenourifhment from the bearing 
branches, which in my opinion, cannot be too ftrong, 
provided they are kindly ; for the more vigorous the 
tree is, the more likely it is to refift the injuries of 
the weather ; though we often fee trees brought to 
fo weak a condition, as to be able only faintly to 
blow their bloftbms, and then moft of -the bearing 
branches have died; which has given occafion to the 
owner to imagine it was the effect of a blight, when, 
in reality, it was only for want of right management. 
And, I am fully perfuaded, half the blights we hear 
complained of, proceed from nothing elfe but this. 
Thefe few rules, well executed, together with a lit- 
tle obfervation and care, will be lufficient, therefore 
to pretend to prefcribe particular directions for all the 
different accidents, or manner of treating fruits, would 
be impoftible ; but I believe the reader will find what 
has been faid, if duly attended to, will anfwer his de- 
fign ; for, without diligent obfervation, there can be 
no fuch thing as a (kilful manager, let him have ever 
fo many or good inftruftions laid down to him. 
The Bruffels and Breda Apricots, being, for the moft 
part, planted for ftandards, will require very little 
pruning or management ; only obferve to take out all 
dead wood, or fuch branches as crofs each other ; 
this muft be done early in autumn, or in the fpring, 
after the cold weather is pad, that the part may not 
canker where the incifion is made. 
ARMERIUS, Sweet-William. See Bianthus. 
ARNICA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 784. Doronicum. Bauh. 
Pin. 184. Leopardfbane. 
The Characters are. 
The common emp alement is fcdy , and jhorter than the rays 
of the flower. It hath a compound flower , the border or 
rays being compofed of many female florets , which fpread 
open, cut into three parts at their end ; the dijk , or middle , 
has many hermaphrodite florets , which are tubulous , cut 
into three unequal fegments at the brim ; thefe havt each 
five floor t ftamina , crowned with oblong fimmits. 'The 
female florets have alfo five awl-fhaped ftamina , but no 
fimmits ; in the hermaphrodite florets the germen is Jituated 
below the flower, fupporting a fender floor t ftyle, crowned 
by a bifid ftigma. The germen afterward becomes a jingle 
oblong feed, crowned with long fender down . 
This 
