ART 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fection of 
I, i minus’s eighteenth clafs, entitled Syngenelia Poly- 
gamia ft; per flu a, the flower being compofed of her- 
maphrodite and female florets; and the chief diftinction 
of this genus is in the hermaphrodite and female 
flowers being of the fame ihape, and the female having 
ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Arnica ( Montana ) folds ovatis integris, caulinis ge- 
minis oppofitis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 884. Arnica with en- 
tire oval leaves , thofe on the Jlalks growing cppqfite by 
: fairs. Doronicum plantaginis folio alterum. C. B. P. 
185, 
2. Arnica ( Scerpioides ) foliis alternis ferratis. Hall, 
l lelvet. 737. Arnica with fawed leaves growing alter- 
nately. Doronicum radice dulci. C. B. P. 184. * 
3. Arnica ( Crocea ) foliis ovalibus ferrato denticulatis, 
fubtus tomentofls. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1246. Arnica with 
cval indented leaves , wbofe underfides are woolly. Dens 
leonis enulse folio. Pet. Muf. 393. 
The firft fort grows naturally upon the Alps, and alfo 
upon many of the mountains in Germany, and other 
cold parts of Europe, and is greatly efteemed by the 
Germans for its medicinal qualities, where it is pre- 
fcribed by this title of Arnica. It is alfo ranged among 
the medicinal plants in many difpenlaries, by the title 
given to it by Cafpar Bauhin. 
The roots of this plant, when placed in a proper foil 
and fltuation, greatly increafe, for they fynd out thick 
flefhy roots, which fpread very far under the furface ; 
thefe put out many oval entire leaves, from between 
which the fiower-ftems arife, which grow about a 
foot and a half high, having two or three pair of leaves 
growing oppoflte upon each, and the top is terminat- 
ed by a Angle yellow flower, compofed of many flo- 
rets, like thofe of Dandelion. Thefe are fucceeded 
by oblong feeds, which are crowned with down, 
whereby they are difperfed to a confiderable diftance 
when ripe. It flowers in April and May, and the 
feeds ripen in September. 
This plant delights in a moift fhady fltuation •, it may 
be propagated by parting of the root in autumn, 
when the ftalks begin to decay, or by the feeds if 
fown in autumn, loon after they are ripe, for thofe 
lown in the fpring often fail ; but if the feeds are per- 
mitted to icatter, the plants will come up the following 
fpring, fo that when one plant is obtained, it will pro- 
pagate ltfeif faft enough without other care, but to 
keep it clean from weeds. 
The fecond fort grows naturally on the mountains of 
Bohemia, as alfo in Siberia, from whence I received 
the feeds. The roots of this fort are much jointed, 
and divide into many irregular flefhy offsets, which 
are varioufly contorted ; 'from whence many fuper- 
ftitious perions have been led to imagine, that the 
roots would expel the poifon of fcorpions, and cure 
the wounds made by the bite of that animal. It is 
a very hardy plant, and is propagated in the fame 
manner as the former. 
The third fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope, from whence the feeds have been brought to 
Europe. This will not live through the winter in 
the open air in this country, fo the plants mure be 
kept in pots, which fhould be placed under a common 
hot-bed frame in winter, to fereen it from the frofc, 
but fhould enjoy the free air at all times, when the 
weather is mild. It propagates by roots and feeds 
in plenty. This is titled by Dr. Burman, Gerbera 
folds pi an is dentatis ftore purpureo. Plant. Afr. 1 57. 
ART EDI A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 249. We have no 
Englifh name for this genus. 
The Characters are, 
jt is an umbelliferous plant ; the greater umbel is fpread 
every and compofed of many fmall ones ; the involucrum of 
the large one is compofed of ten oblong leaves , which ex- 
tend the length of the umbel , cut at their tips into three 
parts. The involucrum of the fmall umbels have but three 
narrow leaves , which are longer than the umbel ; the rays 
of the large umbel are difform , thofe of the fmall ones in 
the difk are male , and the rays are hermaphrodite. ‘They 
' 6 
ART 
: ( ' ‘ 
have five petals , which are erect \ heartfioapei, and 
turned inward. 'Thefe have each five Jlender fiamina, 
crowned with roundijh fummits ; thofe flowers which cm- 
pofe the rays , have a final! germen at bottom, ■ Supporting 
two refiexed Jtyles , crowned by a Jingle jtigr/ia. The germen 
afterward becomes a rpmdifh compreffed fruit , with a leafy 
border , which fplits into two , and contains two oblong 
feeds , with fcaly borders. 
This, genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fe&ibii 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, entitled Pentandria Digyma, 
from their flowers having five Lamina and two 
ftyles. 
We have but; one Species of this plant, viz. 
1. Artedia ( Squamata ) feminibus fquamads.- Hart* 
Cliff. 89. Artedia with fquamous feeds. Thapfia Orien- 
tabs anethi , folio femine eleganter crenato. Toum* 
Cor. 22. 
This is a native of the eaft. Rawvolf found it growinp- 
upon Mount Libanus ; it is an annual plant, whole 
ftalks rife about two feet high, fending out a few fide 
branches, garnifhed with narrow compound leaves 
refembling thofe of Dill; the extremity of the ftalk is 
terminated by a large umbel of white flowers, com- 
poied of five unequal petals, thofe on the outfide 
being much larger than the other. Thefe are fuc- 
ceeded by roundilh compreffed fruit, each having two 
feeds, whofe borders are fcaly. 
This plant decays as foon as the feeds are perfected,, 
and many times before they are ripe in England ; for 
unlefs the feeds are fown in autumn, and the plants 
come up before winter, they rarely produce good 
feeds here. The feeds ihould be fown on a warm 
border where the plants are to remain, for they will 
not bear tranfplanting. All the care they require is 
to keep them clean from weeds, and thin the plants 
to fix or eight inches diftance. They flower in June, 
and their feeds ripen the end of Auguft. 
ARTEMISIA [’A flsfirrlix., Gr. fo called, .according 
to fome, from Artemifia, wife of Maufolus, king of* 
Caria, who brought this plant into rife, and adopted 
it as hers ; whereas, before, it was called Parthenis, 
the virgin goddefs being feigned to have given that 
name to it.] Mugwort. 
The Characters are. 
The common empalement is fcaly and round, as are alfo the 
feales. The flower is compofed of hermaphrodite and fe- 
male florets , the border being ranged with the fermfe, 
which have a fmall germen at bottom, flupporting a fender 
fiyle , crowned by a bifid fligma. The hermaphrodite florets 
compofe the difk, or middle ; thefe are tubulous , cut inis 
five parts at the brim ; in the center is placed the germen-, 
with the like fiyle and fiigma as the female , accompanied 
by five hairy ftamina , crowned by cylindrical fiimmits, 
which are indented in five parts. The germen after- 
ward becomes a Jingle naked feed, fitting upon a naked 
placenta. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fection 
of Linnaeus’s eighteenth clafs, entitled Syngenelia Po- 
. lygamia fuperfiua, the flowers of thefe being com- 
pofed of female and hermaphrodite florets, which are 
both fruitful. 
The Species are, 
1. Artemisia ( Vulgaris ) foliis pmnatifidis plants incifis; 
fubtus tomentofis, racemis fimplicibus fioribus ovatis 
radio quinque flora. Lin. Sp. Plant. 348. Mugwort 
with plain cut leaves,- ending in many parts, woolly un- 
derneath , with Jingle J pikes of oval flowers, whofe rays 
are compofed of five florets. Artemifia vulgaris major. 
C. B. P. 137. 
2. Artemisia ( Integrifolia ) foliis lanceolatis fubtus to- 
mentofisintegerrimisdentatifque florum radio fubquiii- 
que flora. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1189. Mugwort with fpear- 
f 3 aped entire leaves, indented on their edges , whofe und r 
fid.es are woolly, and the rays of the flower compofed of five 
florets. Artemifia foliis planis lanceolato-lmearifaus 
inferioribus fepe ex pinnato-dentads. Flor, Sib. 2. 
p- i° 9 - 
3. Artemisia ( Carulefcens ) foliis caulinis lanceolatis in- 
tegris; radicaiibus multifidis, fiofculis foemineis tern Is. 
Lin. Sp. 1189. Mugwort whofe leaves on the ftalks are 
' entire. 
