and plant two rows of Cauliflowers, at four feet 
diftance row from row, and two feet and a half afun- 
der in the rows, fo that there are always five feet 
allowed for the Artichokes to grow ; and in May, 
when the Radilhes or Spinach are taken off, they fow 
a row of Cucumbers for pickling, exactly between 
the two rows of Cauliflowers, at three feet diftance 
from each other •, and between the rows of Cauli- 
flowers and the Artichokes, plant a row of Cabbages 
or Savoys for winter ufe, which, when the Cauliflow- 
ers are drawn off, and the Artichokes gathered, will 
have full liberty to grow, and by this means the 
ground is fully employed through the whole feafon. 
This has long been the pradice of the kitchen-gar- 
deners near London, who pay large rents for their 
land, fo are obliged to get as many crops in a year 
from it as poffibie. 
In thofe which are planted at five feet diftance row 
from row, you may plant in every other row a line 
of Cabbages or Savoys for winter ufe, which will be 
gone by the time of landing them up •, in doing of 
which you muft lay the whole five feet of earth into 
one ridge, except the ground be extreme ftiff, or the 
plants young, in both which cales you may lay only 
three feet and a half of the ground in the ridge 
over the roots, and the remainder may be laid in a 
fmall ridge between ; the fame compafs of ground 
muft alfo be allowed where they are planted at a wider 
diftance. 
And if in the fpring you find your flocks fhoot very 
weak, which may have been occaftoned either by hard 
froft, or too much wet, you muft then uncover them, 
and with your fpade loofen and break the earth about 
them, raifing a fmall hill about each ftock, levelling 
the reft between the rows, which will greatly help 
them, and in three weeks, or a month’s time after, 
they are commonly fit to flip. 
Thofe Artichokes which are planted in a moift rich 
foil, will always produce the largeft and belt fruit j 
fo that where fuch a foil can be obtained, it will be 
proper to make a frefh plantation every fpring, to 
fucceed the pld flocks, and fupply the table in au- 
tumn. But the roots will not live through the win- 
ter in a moift foil, fo that your flocks which you in- 
tend jfhould remain to fupply the table early, and 
to furnifh plants, fiiQuld be in a drier foiL You 
fiiould always obferve to plant thefe in an open fitu- 
ation, and not under the drip of trees, where they 
will draw up very tall, and produce fmall infignificant 
fruit. 
ARTICHOKES of Jerufalem. See Helian- 
X HUS 
ARTICULATION, is the conne&ion of parts 
that confift of joints, or knees, fuch as are the fili- 
q|L£e [the hulks j of many plants •, as of the Ornitho- 
podium, Coronilla, which are joined together by a 
foluble knot whence thofe parts are called articu- 
lofas, and are faid to be connected articulatim, or 
geniculatim •, and fuch plants are called Articulofe, 
whofe roots are jointed, although the {talks have no 
joints fo the root of Polygonatum is faid to be ar- 
ticulofe, or geniculated. 
A R U M, Wake Robin, or Cuckow Pint. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a, large oblong fpatha , which is clofed at 
the bottom , comprejfed in the middle , and coloured within \ 
the fpadix is Jingle , Jhaped like a club at the top , and 
JJoorter than the fpatha upon which the germen are fitu- 
ated. It hath no petals nor Jlamina , but many four-cor- 
nered fummits , fitting clofe to the germen , with a double 
row of hairs between them , which adhere to the fpa- 
dix. There are many oval germen which furround the 
upper part of the fpadix , having no ftyles , but have 
bearded ftigma : the germen afterward become globular 
berries , with one cell , having round feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh fection 
of Linnaeus’s twentieth clafs, entitled Gy'nandria Po- 
lyandria, thefe plants having male and female flowers 
joined, but have no ftamina nor ftyle, but many 
fummits. 
6 
A R U 
This plant is called Wake Robin, from the fharp 
acrid _ tafte, which, if eaten, will occafion a violent 
pain in every part of the mouth and throat, attended 
commonly with a great defluxion of water. 
The Species are, 
1. Arum ( Maculatum ) acaule foliis haftatis integerrimis 
fpadice clavato. Hort. Upfal. 434- Arum without 
falk, fpear-jhaped entire leaves , and a club-foapcd fpadix . 
Arum vulgare maculatum & non maculatum. C. B. P. 
195. The common Arum. 
2. Arum ( Italicum ) foliis haftatis acutis. petiolis longifll- 
mis fpatha maxima erefta. Arum without ftalk , pointed 
fpear-jhaped leaves , with long foot -ft alks, and a large up- 
right fpatha. Arum venis albis Italicum maximum. 
IT. R. Par. 
3. Arum ( Probofcidium ) acaule foliis haftatis fpatha de- 
clinata filiformi-fubulata. Lin. Sp. Plant. 966. Arum 
without ftalk , fpear-ftoaped leaves , and a declining awl- 
Jhaped fpatha. Arifarum flore in tenuem caudam 
abeunte. Tourn. Inft. 161. Friers Cowl. 
4. Arum ( Arifarum ) acaule foliis cordato-oblongis fpa- 
tha bifida fpadice incurvo. Hort. Cliff. 435. Arum 
without ftalk , oblong heart-Jhaped leaves , a bifid fpatha , 
and an incurved fpadix. Arifarum latifolium majus. 
C. B. P. 196. Broad-leaved Friers Cowl. 
5. Arum ( Tenuifolium ) acaule foliis lanceolatis fpadice 
fetaceo declinato. Hort. Cliff. 345. Arum without ftalk , 
fpear-ftoaped leaves , and a briftly declining fpadix. Ari- 
farum anguftifolium Diofcoridis forte. Boerh. Ind. 
alt. 2. p. 73. 
6. Arum (. Virginicum ) acaule foliis haftato-cordatis acu- 
tis anguiis obtufis. Hort. Cliff. 434. Arum without 
ftalk , pointed , fpear, heart-foaped leaves , with obtufe 
angles. 
7. Arum ( Triphyllum ) acaule foliis ternatis floribus rno- 
noicis. Flor. Yirg. 113. Three-leaved Arum without 
ftalk. Arum minus triphyllum arifarum pene viridi 
Virginianum. Mor. Hilt. 3. p. 547. 
8. Arum ( Dracunculus ) foliis pedatis, foliolis petiolatis 
integerrimis sequantibus fpatham fpadice longiorem. 
Lin. Sp. Prod. Leyd. 7. Arum with foot -Jhaped leaves, 
compofed of fpear-ftoaped , entire , equal lobes , and the fpa- 
tha much longer than the fpadix. Dracunculus poly- 
phyllus. C. B. P. 195. Common Dragon. 
9. Arum ( Dracontium ) foliis pedatis, foliolis lanceolatis 
integerrimis fuperantibus fpatham fpadice breviorem. 
Prod. Leyd. 7. Arum with foot-Jhaped leaves , the up- 
per being compofed of fpear-ftoaped entire lobes , and the 
fpatha Jhorter than the fpadix. Arum polyphyllum mi- 
nus & humilius. H. L. 60. 
10. Arum ( ! Trilob atum ) acaule foliis fagittato trilobis flore 
fefiile. Flor. Zeyl. 3 26. Trifoliate Arum without ftalk?, 
and a flower growing clofe to the root. Arum humile 
Zeylanicum latifolium piftillo coccineo. Hort. Amft. 
!• P- 97 - 
11. Arum ( Colocafia ) acaule foliis peltatis ovatis repan- 
dis bafi femibjfidis. Hort. Cliff. 434. Arum without 
ftalk , target-fhaped oval leaves , waved and fimated at 
their borders , and divided into two parts at their bafe. 
Arum maximum fEgyptiacum quod vulgo Colocafia. 
Called Colocafia. 
12. Arum {Beta folia ) acaule foliis cordatis nervofis flo- 
ribus feflilibus. Arum without ftalk, nervous heart-ftoaped 
leaves , and flowers without petals. Arum Americanum 
betas folio. Catefb. Hift. Car. 1. 71. Called Scunk 
Weed. 
13. Arum ( Divaricatum ) acaule foliis cordatis angulatis 
divaricatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 966. Arum without ftalk , 
and heart-Jhaped angular leaves. Arum acaule foliis 
fubhaftatis. Flor. Zeyl. 325. 
14. Arum ( Peregrinum ) acaule foliis cordatis obtulis 
rnucronatis angulus rotundatis. Hort. Clift. 435 r . A- 
rum without ftalk , blunt heart-ftoaped leaves , which are 
pointed , and the angles rounded , called Edder in America. 
15. Arum ( Efculentem ) acaule foliis peltatis ovatis inte- 
gerrimis bail femibifidis. Hort. Cliff, 453. Arum 
without ftalk, oval target-Jhaped leaves , whofe bafe are 
divided in two parts. - Arum minus nympr.aeie folio 
efculentum. Sloan. Cat, jam. 62. 
1 1 6. Arum 
1 
