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herein, plunging them into the hot-bed, and about 
the beginning of July, when your trees have made 
good {hoots, you may remove them into the tubs, 
with their bafkets about them, filling the empty fpace 
With the fame . good earth : this will preferve your 
tubs from rotting in the bark, and the trees will do 
equally well as if planted into the tubs at firft, pro- 
vided you are careful in removing the bafkets, not 
to difturb their roots ; and alfo let them remain in 
the green-houfe a fortnight or three weeks after plant- 
ing, before you fet them abroad. 
Thefe trees being new potted or tubbed every other 
year, tbofe years in which they are not fhifted, you 
muft in April obferve to take out as much of the old 
earth from the tops of the pots and tubs, and alfo 
round the fides of them, as poffible, without injuring 
the roots of the trees, and fill them up with frefh 
earth you muft alfo wafh and clean their Hems and 
leaves from filth, which will greatly ftrengthen their 
flowering, and caufe them to fnoot vigoroufly the 
following fummer. 
In the management of Orange-trees which are in good 
health, the chief care fhould be to fupply them with 
Water duly, and not (as is fometimes praitifed) ftarve 
them in winter, whereby their fibres are dried, and 
become mouldy, to the great prejudice of the trees ; 
nor to give them water in too great abundance, but 
rather let their waterings be frequent, and given in 
moderate quantities. You muft alfo obferve, that 
the water has free paffage to drain off; for if it be de- 
tained in the tubs or pots, it will rot the tender fibres 
of the trees. During the winter feafon, they muft 
have a large fhare of air when the weather is favour- 
able ; for nothing is more injurious to thefe trees than 
ftifling of them, nor fhould they be placed too near 
each other in the green-houfe ; but fet them at fuch 
diftance, that their branches may be clear of each 
other, and that the air may circulate freely round their 
heads. In fummer they fhould be placed where the 
winds are not violent, and to have the morning and 
evening fun ; for if they are too much expofed to the 
mid-day fun, they will not thrive. The beft fitua- 
tion for them is near fome large plantation of trees, 
which will break the force of the winds, and fereen 
them from the violent heat of the fun. In fuch a 
fituation they may remain until the beginning of Oc- 
tober, or later, according as the feafon proves fa- 
vourable ; for if they are carried into the green-houfe 
early, and the ' autumn fhould prove warm, it will 
occafion the trees to make frefh fhoots, which will be 
weak and tender, and fo liable to perifli in winter •, 
and fometimes itwill occafion their flowering in winter, 
which greatly weakens the trees ; nor 1 fhould they re- 
main fo long abroad as to be injured by morning frofts. 
The beft compoft for Orange-trees is two thirds of 
frefh earth from a good pafture, which fhould not be 
too light, nor over ftiff, but rather a hazel loam •, 
this fhould be taken about ten inches deep with the 
fward, which fhould be mixed with the earth to rot, 
and one third part of neats dung •, thefe fhould be 
mixed together, at leaft twelve months before it is 
ufed, obferving to turn it over every month, to mix 
it well, and to rot the fward ; this will alfo break the 
clods, and caufe the mould to be finer. Before you 
make ufe of this earth, you fhould pafs it through a 
rough fereen, to feparate the great ftones and the 
roots of the fward therefrom but by no means fift 
the earth too fine, for this is very prejudicial to moft 
plants, but particularly to Orange-trees. 
Of late years there have been many of thefe trees planted 
againft walls, againft which frames of glafs are made 
to fix over them in winter and fome few curious per- 
fons have planted thefe trees in the full ground, and 
have erefted moveable covers to put over the trees 
in winter, which are fo contrived as to be all taken 
away in fummer : where thefe have been well execut- 
ed, the trees have made great progrefs in their growth, 
and produced a much larger quantity of fruit, which 
have ripened fo well, as to be extremely good for 
gating. If thefe are planted either againft walls with 
A U R 
defigft of training the branches to the walls, or in bot- 
tlers at a fmall diftance, fo as to train them up as 
ftandards, there fhould be a contrivance of a fire- 
place or two, in proportion to the length of the wall, 
and flues carried the whole length of the wall, to 
warm the air in very cold weather, o'therwife it will 
be very difficult to preferve the trees in very hard win- 
ters alive •, or, - if they do live through the winter, they 
will be fo much weakened by the cold, as not to be 
recovered the following fummer to a proper ftrength 
for bearing ; fo that wherever the trees are intended 
to be placed againft or near old walls, the hues fhould 
be built up againft the front, allowing four inches 
thicknefs of the brick-work on each fide the flues, 
obferving to fatten this with irons, at proper diftances, 
to fecure it from feparating from the old wall : the 
manner of making thefe flues, is fully explained under 
the article of Hot Walls. Where this contrivance 
is made, there will be no hazard of lofing the trees, 
be the winter ever fo fevere, with a little proper care •, 
whereas, if this is wanting, there will require great 
care and trouble to cover and uncover the glalfes 
every day, when there is any fun ; and if the wall 
is not thicker than they are ufually built, the froft 
will penetrate through the walls in fevere winters ; fo 
that covering and fecuring the glaffes of the front will 
not be fumcient to preferve the trees, be it done with 
ever fo much care ; therefore the firft expence of the 
walls will fave great trouble and charge, and be the 
fecurelft method. ' • 
If the ground is wet, or of a ftrong clay, fo as to 
detain the moifture, the borders fhould be raifed 
above the level of the ground, in proportion to the 
fituation of the place ; for where the wet lies in win- 
ter near the furface, it will greatly prejudice, if not 
totally deftroy the trees ; fo that lime rubbifh fhould 
be laid at leaft two feet thick in the bottom of the 
border, to drain off the wet ; and the earth fhould be 
laid two and a half or three feet thick thereon, which 
will be a fufficient depth for the roots of the trees. 
In thefe borders there may be a few roots of theGuern- 
fey and Belladonna Lilies and LIsemanthus planted, 
or any other exotic bulbous-rooted flowers, which do 
not grow high, or draw too much nourifhinent from 
the borders and thefe, producing their flowers * in 
autumn or winter, will make a good appearance, and 
thrive much better than if kept in pots. 
The management of the Orange-trees in thefe places, 
is nearly the fame as hath been directed for thofe in 
pots or tubs, excepting that the borders in thefe 
places fhould be dug, and refrefhed with fome very 
rotten dung every year. 
AURICULA MURIS, or Pilosella. Moufe Ear. 
This is a fort of Hawkweed with fmall hairy leaves, 
which are white underneath. : the plant trails upon the 
ground, taking root at the joints, by which means it 
will foon fpread over a large compafs of ground. 
This is very common in England ; it grows chiefly on 
dry barren places, or upon old walls, and is too often 
a troublefome weed in grafs-plats in gardens. 
AURICULA U R S I [i. e. Bear’s Ear, 'fo called 
becaufe the ancients fancied it refembled the ear of a 
bear.] Bear’s Ear, or Auricula. 
Dr. Linnaeus has joined this genus to the Primula 
veris of Tournefort, making this one fpecies under 
the title of Primula. 
To enumerate the diverfities of this plant, would be 
almoft endlefs and impoffible ; for every year pro- 
duces vaft quantities of new flowers, differing in 
ftrape, fize, or colour of the flowers ; and alfo in the 
leaves of thefe plants there is as great a variety, fo that 
the fkilful fiorift is oftentimes capable of diftmguifh- 
inp- many of the particular forts thereby. 
But as it feldom happens, that fuch of thefe flowers 
as are at one time in great efteem, continue to be re- 
garded a few years after, (their being flill finer or 
larger flowers produced .from feeds, which are what 
the^ fiorifts chiefly feek after) it would be needlefs to 
mention any of them •, wherefore I fh.aH proceed to 
give the characters of a good Auricula. 
D 7 * i. The 
