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alter. This, grows naturally on ' the fea-fliore, near- 
Dover. It hath a perennial branching ftaik, in which 
it differs from all the other fpecies. i have continued 
thefe three or four years, and have eaten the young 
fhoots after they had been much frozen, when they 
werfe very fweet and good ; but at other times they 
are Very throng and ftringy. In very fevere winters, 
when the 'Other forts are defcroyed, this is a neceifary 
plant, for the. moil fevere frofts do not injure it. The 
leaves of this are inclining to a purple colour, and 
are' placed alternately on the branches. The flower- 
ftalks grow from the end of the branches, and fpread 
out horizontally ; but thofe which arife from the 
center of the plants, grow erect, and feldom put out 
branches. 
The third fort, which is the Cauliflower, has been 
fuppoied a variety of the common Cabbage; but from 
more than fifty years experience in cultivating thefe- 
plants, I could never find’ the leaft appearance of 
either fpecies approaching each other ; and they, are 
fo different in their leaves, as to be eafily difringuifhed 
by perfons of ikill, when the plants are young. But 
there is one eflentiai difference between them in their 
flower-ftems ; for the common Cabbage puts out one 
upright item from the center of the Cabbage, winch 
afterward divides into feveral branches, whereas the 
Cauliflower fends out many flower-ftems from the 
part which is eaten; which is only a compact col- 
lection of the heads of thefe italics, which afterward 
divides into lb many fcems, branching out into many 
fpreading fhoots, fo as to form a large fpreading head 
when in flower, but. never rifes pyramidically like the 
Cabbage*, 
The two forts of Broccoli I take to be only varieties 
of the Cauliflower, for although thefe may with care 
be kept diftinaf, yet I doubt, if they were to Hand 
near each other for feeds, if they would not intermix; 
and I am the rather inclined to believe this, from the 
various changes v, r hich I have observed in all thefe 
forts ; for I have frequently had Cauliflowers of a green 
colour, with flower-buds regularly formed at the ends 
of the fhoots, as thole of Broccoli, though the colour 
was different; and the white Broccoli approaches fo 
near to the Cauliflower, as to be with difficulty dif- 
tiriguiflied from it ; yet when thefe are cultivated with 
care, and never buffered to Hand near each other, 
when left to produce feeds, they may be kept very 
diftinct in the fame garden; for the variations of thefe 
plants is not occafioned from the foil, but the mixing 
of the farina of the flowers with each other, where 
they are planted near together; therefore thofe perfons 
who are curious to preferve the feveral varieties dif- 
tinbt, fhould never fuffer the different kinds to Hand 
near each other for feed. 
The Cauliflower - vfcas fir ft brought to England from 
the ifland.of Cpyrus, where I have -been informed 
they arc on very great perfection at prefent : but it is 
fuppofed, they were originally brought thither from 
fome other country : moft of the old writers mention 
it to have been brought from that ifland, to the dif- 
ferent parts of Europe, fo that from thence all the 
gardens in Europe have been fupplied ; and although 
this plant was cultivated in a few Englifh gardens 
long fince, yet it was- not brought to any degree of 
perfection, till about 1680, at leaft not to be fold in 
the markets ; and fince the year 1 700, they have been 
fo much improved in England, as that fuch of them 
as before were greatly admired, would at prefent be 
little regarded.- 
This plant has been much more improved in Eng- 
land, than in any other parts of Europe. In France 
they rarely have Cauliflowers till near Michaelmas, 
and Holland is generally fupplied with them from 
England. In many parts of Germany there was none 
of them cultivated till within a 'few years paft; and 
moft parts of Europe are fupplied with feeds from 
hence. 
The eighth fort, which is generally known by the 
title of Rape .or Cole Seed, is much cultivated in the 
ifle of Ely, and fome other parts of England for its 
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feed, from which the Rape Oil is drawn ; and it hath 
alio been cultivated of late years in other places, 
for feeding of cattle, to great advantage. This hath 
been lately joined to the Mapus Sativa, or Garden 
Navew, fupppfmg them to be the fame fpecies ; but 
I have cultivated both forts more than twenty years, 
and could never obferve either of them to vary;- in- 
deed the whole appearance of the plants, is ffifficient 
to determine them as diftinct fpecies; but as the 
Garden Navew approaches nearer the Turnep than 
the Cabbage, fo I ffiall treat of that under the title 
of Rapa. 
-The Cole Seec!,when cultivated for feeding of cattle, 
ftiould be fown about the middle of June. The 
ground for this fhould be prepared in the fame 
manner as for Turneps. The quantity of feeds for 
an acre of land, is from fix to eight pounds, and as 
the price of the feeds is not great, fo it is better to 
allow eight pounds ; for if the plants are too clofe in 
any part, they may be eafily thinned when the ground 
is hoed.^ When the plants have put out fix leaves, 
they will be fit to hoe, which muft be performed in 
the fame manner as is praftifed for Turneps, with 
this difference only, of leaving thefe much nearer to- 
gether ; for as they have, fibrous roots and flender 
italics, fo they do not require near fo much room. 
I hefe plants fhould have a fecond hoeing, about five 
or iix weeks after the drift, which, if well performed 
in dry weather, will entirely deftroy- the weeds, fo 
they will require no farther culture. By the middle 
of November thefe will be grown large enough for 
feeding, when, if there is a fcarcity of fodder, this 
may be either cut or fed down ; but where there is 
not an immediate want of food, it had better be kept 
as a referve for hard weather, or fpring feed, when 
there may be a fcarcity of other green food. If the 
heads are cut off, and the ftalks left in the ground, 
they will fhoot again early in the fpring, and produce 
a good fecond crop in April, which may be either 
fed off, or permitted to run to feeds, as is the practice 
where this is cultivated for the feeds : but if the firft 
is fed down, there fliouid be care taken that the cattle 
do not deftroy their ftems, or pull them out of the 
ground. As this plant is fo hardy as not to be de- 
itroyed by froft, fo it is of great fervice in hard win- 
ters for feeding of ewes ; for when the ground is fo 
hard frozen, as that Turneps cannot be taken up, 
thefe plants may be cut off for a conftant iiipply. 
In feveral places where I have fown this feed, I have 
found that one acre of land will produce as much 
food, as almoft two acres of Turneps ; and this will 
afford late food after the Turneps are run to feed ; 
and if it is afterward permitted to Hand for feed, one 
acre will produce as much as, at a moderate compu- 
tation, will fell for five 'pounds, clear of charges. 
Partridges, pheafants, turkeys, and moft other fowl, 
are very fond of this plant ; lb that wherever it is 
cultivated, if there are any birds in the neighbour- 
hood, they will conftantly lie among thefe plants. 
The feeds of this plant are fown in gardens for 
winter and fpring fallads, this being one of the fmall 
fallad-herbs. 
The common white, red, flat, and long-fided Cab- 
bages are chiefly cultivated for winter ufe : the feeds 
of thefe forts muft be fown the end of March, or 
beginning of April, in beds of good frefh earth ; and 
in May, when the young plants will have about eight 
leaves, they fhould be pricked out into fhady bor- 
ders, about three inches fquare, that they may ac- 
quire ftrength, and to. prevent their growing long 
fnankcd. 
About the beginning of June you muft tranfplant 
them out, where they are to remain for good (which 
in the kitchen-gardens near London, is commonly 
between Cauliflowers, Artichokes, Sic. at about two 
feet and a half diftance in the rows ;) but if they are 
planted for a full crop in a clear fpot of ground, the 
diftance from row to row fliouid be three feet and a 
half, and in the rows two feet and a . half afunder: if 
the feafon fliouid prove dry- when they are tranlplanted 
out, 
