The Characters are, 
The great or' general umbel it tompofed of near twenty 
rays or /mail umbels , which are Jhort , and clofe together. 
The tnyohicrwn of the great umbel is compofed of many 
Jhort narrow leaves , thofeof the ft nailer are the fame, but 
are as long as the umbels. The proper empalement of the 
flower is fcarce difcernible. The rays of the great umbel 
are uniform . The flowers have five heart-Jhaped petals 
which are equal, and turn inward •, , they have five Jiamina 
which are Jloorter than the petals, terminated by fingle 
fummits % the oblong germen is Jituated below the recep- 
tacle, fupporting two reflexed ftyles, crowned by a blunt 
ftigma. The germen afterward becomes an oval fruit, 
dividing in two parts , containing two oval feeds, plain 
on onejide , and convex on the other. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedtion 
bf Linnaeus’s fifth clafs of plants, intitled Pentandria 
Digynia, the flower having five ftamina and two 
ftylesi 
The Species are, 
1 . Bunium ( Bulbocaftanum ) bulbo globofo. Sauv. Monfp. 
256, Earth Nut With a globular root. Bulbocaftanum 
majus folio Apii. C. B. P. 162. 
2. Bunium ( Creticum ) radice turbinato. Earth Nut with 
a turbinated root. Bulbocaftanum Creticum radice 
napi-formi. Tourn. Cor. 
3. Bunium {S&xatil e) foliis tripartitis filiformibus linea- 
ribus. Earth Nut with very narrow tripartite leaves. 
Bulbocaftanum minus faxatile Peucedani folio. Tourn. 
Inft. 312. 
The firft fort grows naturally in moift paftures, and 
in woods, in many parts of England. Of this there 
is a variety, fuppofed to be larger than that which 
grows commonly here, but I could never obferve 
any effential difference between them ; for in fome 
places it is found much larger than in others, but when 
they have been tranfplanted into a garden, they have 
proved to be the fame. This hath a tuberous folid 
root which lies deep in the ground, and puts out fi- 
bres from the bottom and fides. The leaves are finely 
cut, and lie near the ground. The ftalk rifes a foot 
and a half high, which is round, channelled, and fo- 
lid, the lower part being naked ; but above, where 
it branches out, there is one leaf placed below eveiy 
branch, which are cut into finer fegments than thofe 
below. The flowers are white, and fhaped like thofe 
of other umbelliferous plants ; the feeds are fmall, ob- 
long, and wheh ripe are channelled. It flowers in 
May, and the feeds ripen in July, foon after which, 
the whole herb decays to the ground. 
The roots of this fort are frequently dug up, and by 
the poorer fort of people are eaten raw, having much 
refemblance in tafte to the Chefnut, from whence it 
had the title of Bulbocaftanum. Thefe roots, when 
boiled, are very pleafant and delicious, and are fup- 
pofed to afford great nouriftiment. The fwine are very 
fond of thefe roots, and will root them up, when they 
are admitted where they grow, and will foon become 
fat with feeding on them. 
The lecond fort was difeovered by Dr. Tournefort in 
the ifland of Crete, but it grows naturally in many 
other parts of the Levant. I received dried fam- 
ples and feeds of this from Zant, where it grows 
plentifully. 
The third fort I received from the Alps. This is a 
very low plant, feldom rifing above fix inches high. 
Thefe plants delight to grow among grafs, fo cannot 
be made to thrive well long in a garden. 
BUPHTHALMUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 876. Af- 
terifeus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. tab. 285. Ox-eye. 
The Characters are, 
The empalement is different in the fever al fpecies. It 
hath a compound radiated flower, compofed of hermaphro- 
dite and female florets. The hermaphrodite florets com- 
pofe the difk *, thefe are funnel-fhaped , and cut into five 
parts at the brim , which flpread open, and have five fen- 
der Jiamina , which are Jhort , terminated by cylindrical 
fummits. In the center is ‘Jituated an oval compreffed ger- 
men, fupporting a fender ftyle, crowned by a thick Jiigma. 
The germen af terward becomes an oblong feed, whofe bor- 
der is cut into many parts ■, the female flowers' which com - 
. pofe, the rays {or border) are fir etched out on one fide like 
a tongue, which fpreads open , and is indented at the top 
in three parts ; thefe have no ftamina , but a double-headed 
'germen, fupporting a Jlender ftyle, crowned by two oblong 
ftigma. The germen becomes a fingle compreffed feed , cut 
on each fide. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the lecond feftion 
of Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia 
Polygamia fuperfiua, the flowers having hermaphro- 
dite and fetnale florets, included in one common em- 
palement, which are both fruitful. 
The Species are, 
1. Buphthalmum ( Helianthoides ) calyeibus foliolis, fo- 
liis oppofitis ovatis ferratis triplinerviis caule herba- 
ceo. Hort. Upfal. 264. Ox-eye with a leafy empalement, 
oval Jawed leaves placed oppofite, having three veins, 
and an herbaceous ftalk. Chryfanthemum Scrophulariae 
folio Americanum. Pluk. Aim. 99. tab. 22. fig. 1. 
2. Buphthalmum ( Grandijlorum ) foliis alternis lanceo- 
latis fubdenticulatis glabris, calyeibus nudis caule 
herbaceo. Hort. Cliff. 415. Ox-eye with fmooth fpear- 
Jhaped leaves {indented below,) naked empalement s, and an 
herbaceous ftalk. Afteroides Alpha falicis folio gla- 
bro. Tourn. Cor. 51. tab. 487. 
3. Buphthalmum {Salicifolium) foliis alternis lariceola- 
tis fubferratis villofis calyeibus nudis caule herbaceo. 
Hort. Cliff. 414. Ox-eye with fpear-Jhaped leaves placed 
alternate. Jawed below and hairy, naked empalement s, and 
an herbaceous ftalk. After luteus major, foliis fuccife. 
C. B. P. 266. 
4. Buphthalmum (. Spinofum ) calyeibus acute foliofis, 
ramis alternis, foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus inte- 
gerrimis caule herbaceo. Hort. Cliff. 414. Ox-eye with 
acute leafy empalement s , branches placed alternate, and 
entire leaves embracing the ftalks, which are herbaceous. 
Afterifcus annuus, foliis ad florem rigidis. Tourn. 
Inft. 497. 
5. Buphthalmum {Seftile) floribus axillaribus calyeibus 
foliofis, fpinis terminalibus, foliis oblongis obtufis 
fefiilibus. Ox-eye with flowers coming from the forks of 
the branches, leafy empalements ending with fpines, and 
oblong blunt leaves growing clofe to the branches. Afte- 
rifcus annuus maritimus patulus. Tourn. Inft. 498. 
6 . Buphthalmum {Maritimum) calyeibus obtuse foliofis 
pedunculatis, ramis foliis alternis, fpatulatis caule 
herbaceo. Hort. Cliff. 414. Ox-eye with blunt leafy em- 
palements, having foot-ftalks , alternate leaves, and an 
herbaceous ftalk. Afterifcus maritimus perennis patu- 
lus. Tourn. Inft. 498. 
7. Buphthalmum {Aquaticum) calyeibus obtuse foliofis 
fefiilibus axillaribus, foliis alternis oblongis obtufis 
caule herbaceo. Hort. Cliff. 414. Ox-eye with blunt 
leafy empalements fitting clofe to the forks of the ftalk, 
oblong blunt leaves , and an herbaceous ftalk. Afterifcus 
annuus Lufitanicus odoratus. Boerh. Ind. alt. 105. 
8. Buphthalmum {Frutefcens) foliis oppofitis lanceola- 
tis petiolatis bidentatis caule fruticofo. Hort. Cliff. 
415. Ox-eye with fpear-Jhaped leaves growing oppofite, 
having foot-ftalks with two teeth, and a Jhrubby ftalk. 
Afterifcus frutefcens leucoii foliis fereceis & incanis. 
Hort. Elth. 44. tab. 38. 
9. Buphthalmum {Arborefcens) foliis oppofitis lanceola- 
tis craflis, glabris utrinque viridibus floribus pedun- 
culatis. Ox-eye with thick , fmooth, fpear-Jhaped leaves 
growing oppofite, green on both fides, flowers having foot- 
ftalks , and a tree-like ftalk. Afterifcus frutefcens leu- 
coii foliis viridibus & fplendentibus. Hort. Elth. 43, 
tab. 38. 
10. Buphthalmum {Incanum) foliis oppofitis lineari- 
lanceolatis craffis incanis, floribus fefiilibus caule fru- 
ticofo. Ox-eye with thick , hoary , narrow, fpear-Jhaped, 
leaves placed oppofite, flowers growing clofe to the branches, 
and a jhrubby ftalk. Afterifcus frutefcens leucoii fo- 
liis anguftiflimis fereceis & incanis. Ind. Hort. 
Chelf. 27. 
The firft fort grows naturally in North America. 
This hath a perennial root and an annual ftalk : from 
the root there arifes many ftalks, in number propor- 
tional to the fize of the roots ; thefe grow upward of 
