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fix feet high, garnifhed at each joint with two ob- 
long heart-fhaped leaves placed oppofite, which have 
three longitudinal veins, the bafe on one fide being 
fhorter than the other. The flowers come out at the 
extremity of the branches, having a leafy empale- 
ment ; they are radiated, of a bright yellow colour, 
refembling a fmall Sun-flower, from whence the in- 
habitants of America have given it that appellation. 
It flowers in Auguft, and when the autumns prove 
favourable, the feeds will ripen in England ; but as 
it propagates eafily by parting the roots, there are 
few perfons who are folicitous about the feed. The 
belt time to tranfplant and part the roots, is toward 
the end of Qdober, when the ftalks begin to decay. 
Thefe fliould be removed every other year, to pre- 
vent their fpreading too far ; they are very hardy, fo 
will thrive in any fltuation : but as the roots are apt 
to extend, they are not proper for the borders of 
fmall flower-gardens ; but in large borders, on the 
fides of rural walks, or in fpaces between fhrubs, 
they will be ornamental during their feafon of flow- 
ering. 
The fecond fort grows naturally on the Alps, as alfo 
in Auftria, Italy, and the fouth of France. This 
hath a perennial root, and an annual ftalk ; it grows 
near two feet high, with {lender branching ftalks, 
garnifhed with oblong fmooth leaves ending in a 
point; the flowers grow at the extremity of the 
branches, which are of a bright yellow colour, ra- 
diated round their borders like thofe of the Starwort. 
It flowers in June and July, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. There are two or three varieties of this, 
differing in the breadth of their leaves and fize of their 
flowers, but from the fame feeds all thele have been 
produced. 
This fort is generally propagated by parting the roots, 
which may be performed at the fame time, and in 
the fame manner as is direded for the firft fort. As 
this doth not fpread fo much as the former, a few 
roots may be allowed room in the borders of the 
flower-garden, efpecially thofe which have little fun, 
where thefe will continue a long time in flower. 
The third fort, is fomewhat like the fecond, but the 
leaves are broader and obtufe ; the ftalks and leaves 
are alfo hairy, in which confifts their difference. This 
flowers at the fame time with the former, and is pro- 
pagated in the fame manner. 
The fourth fort rifes a foot and a half high : the 
ftalks divide into many branches upward ; the fide 
branches rife much above the middle ftalk, garnifhed 
with fpear-fhaped hairy leaves, placed alternately ; 
the flowers are produced at the forks of the branches 
on fhort foot-ftalks ; the empalement confifts of feven 
long, ftiff, fpear-fhaped leaves, ' ending in a fharp 
point ; thefe fpread out beyond the rays of the flower 
in form of a ftar. The flower fits clofe upon the em- 
palement, the border or rays being compofed of 
many female florets, which have one fide ftretched 
out like a tongue, and indented at the end in three 
parts ; the middle or difk of the flower is compofed 
of hermaphrodite flowers, which are tubulous, fun- 
nel-fhaped, and flightly indented in five parts at the 
brim ; they are of a bright yellow colour, and are fuc- 
ceeded by oblong comprefied feeds. The plants 
flower in June and July, and their feeds ripen in Sep- 
tember, foon after which the plants decay. 
The feeds of this fliould be fown the beginning of 
April, on open borders, where they are to remain, 
and will require no other care, but to keep them clear 
of weeds, and thin them to the diftance of a foot and 
a half, that their branches may have room to fpread. 
If the feeds are fown in the autumn, or are permitted 
to fall when ripe, the plants will come up foon after, 
and thefe will more certainly ripen feeds than the 
fpring plants. 
The, fifth and feventh forts are alfo annual plants, 
which grow naturally in the fame countries with the 
laft. Thefe feldom stow more than one foot hip-h in 
. gardens, and where they are wild not fo high, but 
fend out many fpreading alternate branches near the 
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root : their leaves, which are oblong, blunt, and 
hairy, are placed alternate, growing clofe to the 
branches without any foot-ftalks ; the leaves of the 
empalement of the fifth fort .end in a very fharp fpine, 
■and are much broader at their bafe than either of the 
other. The flowers of all thefe have much the ap- 
pearance of thofe of the laft, but feme are fmaller, 
and thofe of the feventh fort have an agreeable odour. 
They flower at the fame feafon, and are propagated 
in the fame manner. 
The ftxth fort is a low perennial plant with a ihrubby 
ftalk, which rarely rifes a foot high, fending out 
many fpreading branches from the ftem, garnifhed 
with hairy leaves, which are narrow at their bafe, but 
broad and roundifh at their extremity ; the flowers 
are produced at the end of the branches, they are 
yellow, and fhaped like thofe of the former forts, 
but the leaves of the empalement are foft and obtufe. 
Thefe are feldom fucceecled by feeds in England, but 
the plant is eafily propagated by flips during the fum- 
mer feafon ; if the cuttings are planted in a bed of 
frefh loamy earth, and covered with a hand-glafs, ob- 
ferving to {hade them from the fun in the heat of the 
day, and frequently refrefhed with water, they will 
take root in about fix weeks, when they fliould be 
carefully taken up, and each planted in a feparate 
fmall pot filled with frefh .undunged earth, and placed 
in a fhady fltuation till they have taken frefh root ; 
after which they may be removed to a fheltered fltu- 
ation, where they may remain till the end of Qdober, 
when they muft be removed to a frame for the winter 
feafon, being too tender to live abroad in winter in 
this country ; but as they only require protection 
from hard frofts, they will thrive better when they 
have a great fhare of air in mild weather, than if 
confined in a green-houfe ; therefore the beft method 
is to place them in a common frame, where they may 
be fully expofed in mild weather, but fereened from 
the froft. This fort grows naturally in Sicily. It 
flowers great part of the year, which renders it the 
more valuable. 
The eighth fort rifes with feveral woody ftems from 
the root, which grow to the height of eight or ten 
feet, garnifhed with leaves very unequal in fize, fome 
of which are narrow and long, others are broad and 
obtufe ; thefe are intermixed, fometimes coming out 
at the fame joint, and often at the intermediate one ; 
they are foft, hoary, and placed oppofite. The foot- 
ftalks of the larger leaves have, on their upper fide, 
near their bafe, two fharp teeth ftanding upward, and. 
a little higher there are generally two or three more, 
growing on the edge of the leaves. The flowers are 
produced at the ends of the branches Angle ; thefe 
are of a pale yellow colour, and have fcaly empale- 
ments. It grows naturally in America. I received 
another fort of this from the Havannah, which was 
found growing naturally there by Dr. Elouftoun, who 
fent it by the following title, Chryfanthemum fruti- 
cofum maritimum, foliis glaucis oblongis, flore lu- 
teo. Sloan. Hift. Jam. i. p. 125. The leaves of this 
are fhorter and thicker than thofe of the tenth fort, 
and have no teeth on their foot-ftalks, but in other 
reipeds are very like it ; the plants are not fo hardy. 
The eighth has been long preferved in the Englifh 
gardens, and was originally brought from Virginia, 
as I was informed by the Bifhop of London’s gar- 
dener, who railed it in 1696 at Fulham, 
The ninth fort grows naturally in the Bahama Iftands, 
from whence I have feveral times received the feeds. 
This feldom grows much more than three feet high, 
fending out many ftalks from the root, which are 
fucculent, except near the root, where they are lig- 
neous, garnifhed with thick, fucculent, fpear-fhaped 
leaves placed oppofite ; the flowers are produced at 
the end of the branches upon foot-ftalks which are 
two inches long. Thefe flowers are larger than thofe 
of the eighth fort, of a bright yellow colour. They 
appear in July, Auguft, and September, but often 
continue till the end of October. 
S- § " The 
