B U P 
The tenth fort grows in the Bahanii iflands* from. 
' whence I received the feeds. This fends out many 
Bender -ftaiks from the root, which rife near three feet 
high* garnifhed with long, narrow, thick, iucculent 
leaves,- which are very hoary, growing oppofite, em- 
bracing the ftaik at their bale ; the dowers are yel- 
low, and are produced at the end of the Ihoots, hav- 
ing very fhort foot-ftalks. Thefe appear at the fame 
time with thofe of the ninth fort. 
As' thefe three forts do not perfect their feeds in this 
country, they are propagated by cuttings. 1 hey 
fhould be planted in July, when the plants have been 
for fome time expofed to the open air, whereby their 
fhoots will be hardened and better prepared to take 
root, than when they firft come abroad. The cut- 
tings fhould be planted in fmall pots filled with light 
loamy earth, and plunged into a very gentle warmth, 
obferving to fhade them from the fun in the heat of 
the day, and gently refrefh them with water, but it 
mufc be given to them fparingly, for much wet 
will rot them. In about fix weeks thefe will have 
taken root, when they muft be gradually inured to 
bear the open air 5 and foon after they fhould be each 
planted in a feparate fmall pot filled with light loamy 
earth, and placed in the fhade until they have taken 
frefh root j after which they may be removed to a fhel- 
tered fituation, where they may remain till the middle 
of October, when they muft be removed in the 
green-houfe. The eighth fort being hardier than either 
of the other, may be placed in a common green- 
houfe •, but the other two will thrive better in a warm 
glafs-cafe, where they will receive more fun, and 
have a drier air. During the winter, they fhould have 
but little moifture, and in very mild weather they 
fhould have frefh air admitted to them. In the fum- 
mer they muft be placed abroad in a fheitered fitu- 
ation, and treated in the fame manner as other ex- 
otic plants. 
TUPLE UROIPES. See Phyllis. 
BUPLEURUM [fo called, from Bou?, Bos, and 
vrtevpov, cofta , latus, becaufe it is commonly believed, 
that if cows eat of it, it will burft their bellies.] Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 291. Hare’s-ear, 
The Characters are, 
It is a plant with an umbellate A flower \ the rays of the 
principal umbel are thin , confifiing of ten j mailer umbels , 
which are eredt and fpread. The involucrum of the great 
umbel is compofed of many oval pointed leaves , thofe of 
the fmall. have five. The flower hath five fmall heart- 
Jhaped petals, which are inflexed-, it hath five fender fta- 
min a, which are terminated by roundifh fummits. Theger- 
men is fituated below the flower, fupporting two f mall re- 
flexed flyles, crowned by a fmall fiigma. The germen af- 
terward becomes a roundifh compreffed fruit which is 
channelled , dividing in two parts, containing two oblong 
channelled. I feeds , convex on one fide, and plain on the other. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, entitled Pentandria Digynia, 
the flower having five ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, # ... 
1. Bupleurum ( Rotundifolium ) involucris nniverfali- 
bus null is, foliis perfoliatis. Hort. Upfal. 64. Hards 
ear, whcfe greater umbel hath no involucrum , and the 
fialks growing through the leaves , Perfoliata vulgatil- 
fima five arvenfis. C. B, P. 277. _ 
2. Bupleurum ( Angulofum ) involucellis pentaphyllis or- 
biculatis, univerfali triphyllo, ovato, foliis amplexi- 
caulibus cordato-lanceolatis. Lin. Sp. llant. 2 3 6 . 
Hare’s-ear with the fmall involucrum compofed of five or- 
bicular leaves , the larger of three oval ones , and heart 
fpear-jhaped leaves embracing' the ftaik. Perfoliata Al- 
pina anguftifolia major folio angulofo. C. B. P. 
3. Bupleurum ( Odontitis ) involucellis pentaphyllis acu- 
tis, univerfali triphyllo, fioiculo centrali altiore, ra- 
mis divaricatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 237. Hare’s-ear with 
f mailer involucrii , compojed of five pointed leaves which 
are acute, thofe of the larger three-leaved , the flower in. 
the center taller, and the branches fpreading from each 
otheyr. Perfoliata minor anguftifolia, Bupkuri folio. 
C. B. P. 277. 1 
BUP 
4. Bupleurum ( Rigidum ) caule dichotomo ftibnudo, iri- 
volucris minimis acutis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 238. Hare’s- 
ear with ftaiks growing from . the divifion of the branches, 
which have no leaves below * and a very fmall pointed in- 
volucrum. Bupleurum folio rigido. C. B. P. 278. 
5. Bupleurum ( Tenuiffmum ) umbellis fimplicibus alternis 
pentaphyllis fubtrifloris. Lin. Sp. Plant. 238. Hare’s- 
ear with fingle umbels growing alternate, and five leaves 
under each three flowers. Bupleurum anguftifiimo fo- 
lio. G. B. P. 278. 
6. Bupleurum ( Fruticofum ) frutefcens, foliis obovatis 
integerrimis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 238. Shrubby Hare’s-ear 
with oblong oval leaves which are entire. Bupleurum af- 
borefcens falicis folio. Tourn. Inft. 310. Sefeli ifih 
thiopicum frutex. Dod. Pempt. 312. Shrubby Hart- 
wort of a E thiopia . 
7. Bupleurum {D iff or me) frutefcens, foliis vernalibus 
decompofitis planis incifis, mftivalibus filiformibus 
angulatis trifidis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 238. Shrubby Hare’ $- 
ear, whofe fpring leaves are decompounded, plain, and cut , 
and the fummer leaves are narrow , angular , and infid . 
Bupleurum frutefcens foliis ex uno pundto plurimis 
junceis tetragonis. Burman. Afr. 195. tab. 71. 
fol. 1 . 
The firft fort grows naturally upon chalky land 
among wheat, in feveral parts of England, fo is fel- 
dom admitted into gardens. The leaves and feeds 
of this plant are ufed in medicine ; the herb is efteem- 
ed good for diflolving fcrophulous tumours, and is 
by fome ufed for internal ailments, ruptures, and 
brakes from a fall. It is called Thoroughwax in 
Englifh. 
The fecond, third, fourth, and fifth forts are annual. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in feveral parts of Eng- 
land, the others are natives of the Alps and Pyrenees \ 
thefe are feldom cultivated but in botanic gardens for 
the fake of variety. Thofe who are defirous to have 
any of thefe fpecies in their gardens, fhould fow their 
feeds in autumn, where the plants are defigned to 
remain, for they do not bear tranfplanting well ; and 
keep the plants clean from weeds, which is all the 
culture they require. They flower in June and July, 
and their feeds ripen in September. 
The fixth fort hath a woody Item, which fends out 
many branches, fo as to form a large head or bufh, 
covered with a purplifh bark, and garnifhed with ob- 
long, oval, ftiff leaves, which are very fmooth, of a 
fea-green colour ; the ends of the branches are ter- 
minated by umbels of yellow flowers fomewhat like 
thofe of Fennel. Thele come out in Auguft, but 
are feldom fucceeded by perfedt feeds in England. 
It grows naturally in the fouth of France and Italy, 
near the borders of the fea. 
It is commonly known among gardeners by the title 
of Shrubby ^Ethiopian Hartwort, and is now pro- 
pagated in the nurfery-gardens for fale. This grows 
five or fix feet high, forming a large regular bulh, 
the leaves continuing green through the year render 
it more valuable. It is hardy, fo will thrive in the 
open air, and may be intermixed with other ever- 
green Ihrubs of the fame growth, in the front of taller 
trees, where their ftems are defigned to be excluded: 
from fight. It is propagated by cuttings, which 
fhould be planted in pots filled with frefh loamy earth, 
and in winter fheitered under a hot-bed frame ; in 
the fpring the cuttings will put out roots, but they 
will not be fit to transplant till the autumn following ; 
fo the pots fhould be placed in a fhady fituation in 
fummer, and in dry weather they muft be reffefhed 
with water. The young plants may be planted in a. 
nurfery-bed at two feet diftance for a year or two to 
get ftrength, and then tranfplanted where they are to. 
remain. 
The feventh fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope, from whence it was introduced to the gardens, 
in Holland. This fifes with a fhrabby ftaik to the 
height of five or fix feet, fending out fome fide 
branches, which in the fpring have their lower parts 
garnifhed with leaves compofed of many fmall plain 
lobes, which are finely cut like thofe of Coriander, 
