C A C 
off, they leave a fear at the plac'e, which always re- 
mains on the branches. The flowers are produced in 
large clufters, at the extremity of the branches, which' 
are tubulous, and of a faint Carnation colour. They 
appear in Auguft and September, but continue great 
part of October, and are not fucceeded by feeds in 
this country. There have been ftones and |offils dug- 
up at a great depth in fome parts of England, which 
have very perfect impreffions of this plant upon them; 
from whence Dr. Woodward has fuppofed, the plants 
were lodged there at the univerial deluge ; and 
finding the impreffions of many other plants and 
animals, which are natives of thofe iflands, he con- 
cludes that the waters flowed hither from the fouth- 
weft. 
This plant has been called Cabbage- tree by the gar- 
deners, I fuppofe from the refemblance which the 
ftalks of it have to that of the Cabbage : others have 
titled it Carnation-tree, from the fhape of the leaves, 
and colour of the flowers. 
It is _ propagated by cuttings, in the fame manner as 
the former fort, and the plants require the fame cul- 
ture ; but mult have a dry warm glafs-cafe in winter, 
and very little water, being very fubject to rot 
with wet. In hammer they mult be placed in the 
open air, in a warm fheltered fituation, and in very 
dry weather refrefhed moderately with water. With 
this management the plants will flower annually, and 
grow to the height of eight or ten feet. 
The feventh fort refembles the fixth in its form and 
manner of growth, but the leaves are narrower and 
more fucculent. Thefe do not fall off entire like the 
other, but break off at the beginning of the foot- 
ftalk, which are very ftrong and thick ; and always 
continue, fo that the main ftalk of the plant, and the 
lower part of the branches, which are deftitute -of 
leaves, are fet round on every fide with thefe trun- 
cated foot-ffalks. This fort hath not as yet produced 
any flowers in England. It is propagated in the fame 
manner as the two former forts, from cuttings, and 
the plants muff be treated as hath been directed for 
the fifth fort, but require to be kept drier, both in 
winter and fummer ; therefore, in very wet feafons, 
the plants fhould be fheltered from hard rains, which 
often caufe them to rot, when they are expofed 
thereto ; but they require the open air in fummer. 
This fort grows naturally at the Cape of Good Hope. 
The eighth fort has been long preferved in the Eng- 
lifh gardens, and was generally titled Ante-euphor- 
bium, fuppofing it to have a contrary quality to the 
Euphorbium. This rifes with many fucculent ftalks 
from the root, as large as a man’s finger, which 
branches out upward, into many irregular ftalks of 
the fame form, but ftnaller, garnilhed with fiat, ob- 
long, fucculent leaves, placed alternately round the 
branches ; under each foot-ftalk there are three lines 
or ribs, which run longitudinally through the branches 
joined together. This fort very rarely flowers in 
Europe, but is propagated by cuttings in the fame 
manner as the fifth, and is equally hardy. It muft 
have very little wet, efpecially in winter, and requires 
a dry, fandy, poor foil. 
The ninth fort grows naturally in Ceylon, China, 
and alfo in the Spanifh Weft-Indies, from whence I 
received the feeds. This fort feldom continues longer 
Than to ripen its feeds. The ftalk rifes near two feet 
high, branching a little toward the top ; the leaves 
are cut on their Aides, and finuated fomewhat like 
thofe of Muftard, fitting dole to the ftalks, which 
are terminated by flowers formed almoft in an umbel; 
thefe are in fome plants yellow, and in others purple; 
they are fmall, and are fucceeded by oblong oval 
feeds, having a feathery down. It flowers in July, 
and the feeds ripen in September, foon after which 
the plant decays. 
This is propagated by feeds, which, if fown in the 
autumn foon after they are ripe in a pot, and plunged 
into the tan-bed in the ftove, will more certainly 
fucceed than thofe fown in the fpring ; but where 
there is not fuch, conveniency, the feeds fhould be 
GAG 
j' fown on a hot-bed in the fpring, and when the plants 
are fit to remove, they fhould be planted on another 
hot-bed to bring them forward, ftiading them till 
they have taken new root, after which air fhould be 
daily admitted to them in proportion to the warmth 
of the feafon. When the plants have acquired ftrength, 
they fhould be planted in pots, and either plunged 
into a moderate hot-bed under a deep frame, or 
placed in a glafs-cafe, where they will flower and 
perfect their feeds. 
The tenth fort grows naturally at St. Helena, from 
whence I received the plants : the roots of this fort 
fpread and increafe under the furface, fo is eafily pro- 
pagated by parting the roots; the leaves arife im- 
mediately from the root, having very fhort foot-ftalks; 
thefe are cut into five or fix long acute fegments al- 
moft to the midrib, the fegments are alfo acutely cut 
on their hides in two or three places : the under fide 
of the leaves are glaucous, their upper fide of a dark 
green. The flower-ftalk arifes between the leaves 
immediately from the roots ; this is naked, about 
eight inches high, terminated by fix or eight yellow 
compound flowers ftanding on long foot-ftalks, almoft 
umbellatim ; the flowers are fucceeded by oblong 
feeds, which rarely ripen in England 1 . 
As this plant increafes fo faft by its root, there is 
little want of the feeds ; therefore the roots may be 
parted either the beginning of September, or the 
latter end of March, and fhould be planted in pots 
filled with light earth, and plunged into the tan-bed 
in the ftove, where it fhould be conftantiy kept, being 
too tender to thrive elfewhere in this climate. 
CACAO. T-ourn. Inft. R. H. 660. Theobroma. Lin. 
Gen. 806. The Chocolate-nut. 
The Characters are, 
The emp dement is ccmpofed of five fipear-Jhaped leaves , 
which fpread open , The flower hath five petals , which 
are irregularly indented , and fpread open ; it hath five 
erebl ftamina> which are as long as the petals , terminated 
by pointed fummits. In the center is placed the oval ger- 
men , fupporting a f ingle ftyle , the length of the Jtamina y 
crowned by an eretl Jligma. The germen afterward be- 
comes an oblong pod , ending in a point ; which is woody , 
wanted , and divided into five cells , which are filled with 
oval , comptefied , fiejhy feeds. 
This genus of plants was conftituted by father Plu- 
mier, who communicated the characters, which he 
had drawn in America, to Dr. Tournefort, who has 
inferted it in the Appendix to his Inftitutions. Dr. 
Linnteus has joined this to the Guazuma of Plumier, 
under the title of Theobroma ; but as the fruit of 
thefe plants are very different from each other, I 
fhall keep them under different genera. 
We have but one Species of this plant, which is. 
Cacao. Cluf. Exot. T’he Chocolate-nut-tree. 
This tree is a native of America, and is found in 
great plenty in feveral places between the tropics, 
but particularly at Caracca and Carthagena, on the 
river Amazons, in the ilthmus of Darien, at Hon- 
duras, Guatimala, and Nicaragua. At all thefe places, 
it grows naturally without culture ; but it is culti- 
vated in many of the iflands which are pofieffed by 
the French and Spaniards, and was formerly planted 
in fome of the iflands which are in the poffeffion of 
the Engliffi ; but it has been neglected for many years 
paff, fo that at prefent it is fo fcarce in thofe places, 
that the Englilli are fupplied with it by the French 
and Spaniards, who make the inhabitants pay them 
a good price for it ; and as there is a great quantity 
of it confumed in England, confequentiy it muft 
make an alteration in the balance of trade greatly 
to the prejudice of the Englifh; which might be 
eafily remedied, if the planters in our colonies were 
but the leaft induftrious ; fince, as it formerly grew 
on thofe iflands, fo as to produce not only a fufficient 
quantity for their own confumption, but to fupply 
Europe with great quantities, there can be no ob- 
jection to the planting it in thofe iflands again, efpe- 
ciaily in thofe fituations where the fugar canes do 
not thrive to advantage. 
I fhall 
