baceous flowers are placed, and fo clofely joined, as 
that the male and female parts are very difficult to 
diftinguifh, without the afiiftance of glades. When 
thele fade, part of thofe which are fituated at the top 
of the club, are fucceeded by roundifh flefhy berries 
compreffed on two fides, each containing two or three 
feeds. 
This plant grows naturally at the Cape of Good 
Hope, but has been long an inhabitant in the Englifh 
gardens. It propagates very faff by offsets, which 
fhould be taken off the latter end of Auguft, at which 
time the old leaves decay •, but this plant is never 
deftitute of leaves, for before the old ones decay, 
there are young- leaves produced, which advance in 
height all the winter ; but at this feafon the roots are 
in their moft inaftive ftate. Thefe roots have gene- 
rally a great number of offsets about them, fo that 
unlels there is a want of them, the largeft only fhould 
be chofen ; which fhould be feparated from all the 
fmaller, and each planted in a feparate pot, filled 
with kitchen-garden earth, and placed with other 
hardy exotic plants in the open air till autumn, when 
they muff be removed into fhelter for the winter 
feafon, during which time, they muff not have too 
much wet, for that will rot the roots. This plant 
is fo hardy as to live in the open air in mild winters, 
without any cover, if they are planted in warm bor- 
ders, and have a dry foil j but with a little fhelter 
in hard froft, they may be preferved in the full ground 
very well. It flowers in May, and the feeds ripen 
in Auguft *, but as the roots increafe fo plentifully, 
few perfons care to fow the feeds, becaufe the young 
plants will not flower in lefs than three years. The 
flo\yers of this plant have but little fweetnefs, altho’ 
by Herman’s title, it fhould have a very agreeable 
odour*, but unlefs a perfon places it near him, it 
cannot be perceived. I have frequently received the 
feeds of this from the Cape of Good Hope, but have 
always found they produced the fame fort. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in moift or marfhy 
grounds in many parts of Europe, fo is rarely ad- 
mitted into gardens. 
The third fort grows naturally on the mountains near 
Aleppo. This hath a thick tuberous root, from 
which fpring up feveral oval leaves, Handing on pretty 
long foot-ftalks ; the fpadix of the flower rifes be- 
tween the leaves, about fix or eight inches high, 
fupporting one white flower at the top. 
The roots of this fort fhould be planted in pots filled 
with light earth, and in fummer they may be placed 
with other exotic plants in the open air ; but in winter 
they fhould be placed under a common hot-bed 
frame, to fcreen them from froft, to which if they 
are expofed the roots will be deftroyed ; there is little 
beauty in this plant, fo it is only preferved in botanic 
gardens for variety. 
CALLACARPA. See Johnsonia. 
C A L T H A. Lin, Gen. Plant. 6-23. Marjh Marigold ., 
The Characters are, 
'T'he flower hath no empalement , but is compofed of five 
large , oval , concave petals , which fpread open. It hath 
a great member of flender flamina , which are Jhorter than 
the petals , terminated by obtufe ereEl fummits : in the 
center there are feveral oblong compreffed germen fituated , 
which have no ftyles , but are crowned by Jingle ftigma. 
dhhe germen afterward become fo many fhort pointed cap- 
fules , containing many roundifh feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the feventh feftion 
of Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, intitled Polyandria Po- 
lygynia, the flowers of this clafs having many fta- 
mina, and of this feftion feveral germen. 
The Species are, 
1. Caltha (Major) foliis orbicularis crenatis, flore majore. 
Marjh Marigold with round crenated leaves , and a larger 
flower. Populago flore majore. Tourn. Inft. 273. 
2. Caltha ( Minor ) foliis orbiculato-cordatis crenatis flore 
minore. Marjh Marigold with round heart -fhaped leaves 
which are crenated , and a fmaller flower . 
Thefe two forts are fuppofed to be the fame, but I 
have never pbferved either of them to vary, either in 
their natural places of growth, or when they are re- 
moved into a garden. They both grow upon moift 
boggy land, in many parts of England, but the firft 
is the moft common of this there is a variety with 
very double flowers, which for its beauty is preferved 
in many gardens. This is propagated by parting the 
roots in autumn, and fhould be planted in a moift 
foil and a fhady fttuation *, and as there are often 
fuch places in gardens, where few other plants will 
thrive, fo thefe may be allowed to have room, and 
during their feafon of flowering, will afford an agree- 
able variety. This fort with double flowers, doth 
not appear fo early in the fpring as the Angle, but 
continues much longer in beauty. It flowers in May, 
and if the feafon is not very warm, will continue till 
the middle of June. 
C AL Y C AN THUS. See Basteria. 
CALYX [with botanifts, fignifies the cup of a flower 
before it opens : this is ftyled the empalement of the 
flower ; in fome plants this continues, and becomes 
afterward a cover to the feeds of herbs, and fruit of 
tree:;.] Lat. The cup inclofing or containing the 
flower. 
CAMARA.. See Lantana. 
CAMERARlA. Plum. Nov. Gen. 18. tab. 29. 
Lin. Gen. Plant. 264. 
This plant was fo named by father Plunder, in ho- 
nour of Joachim Camerarius, a phyfician and botanift 
of Nuremberg*, who published an edition of Mat- 
thiolus, in Latin and High Dutch, with new figures 
of the plants, and many obfervations. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a floort permanent empalement of one leaf 
cut into five acute fegments at the top : the flower is of 
one leaf, \ falver-fhaped . , having a long cylindrical tube at 
bottom , which is enlarged above, and divided at the top. 
into five acute fegments. It hath five fhort inflexed fta- 
mina , which are terminated by obtufe membranaceous fum- 
mits. In the bottom of the tube are fituated two roundifh 
germen , having one common ftyle , which is cylindrical , 
and the length of the flamina , crowned by two ftigma 
the under one is orbicular and flat , the other is concave. 
1 The germen afterward becomes two long , taper , leafy cap - 
flules , filled with oblong cylindrical feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fetffion of 
Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 
the flowers of this clafs having five flamina, and thofe 
in this feftion but one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Cameraria ( Latifolia ) foliis ovatis, utrinque acutis 
tranfverle ftratis. Hort. Cliff. 76. Lin. Sp. Plant. 210. 
Cameraria with roundifh leaves ending in points tranf- 
verfly ribbed. Cameraria lato Myrti folio. Plum. Nov. 
Gen. 18. 
2. Cameraria ( Anguftifolia ) foliis linearibus. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 210. Cameraria with long narrow leaves. Ca- 
meraria angufto linariae folio. Plum. Nov. Gen. 1 8. 
The firft fort was fent me from the Havanna by the 
late Dr. Houftoun, where he found it growing na- 
turally in great plenty. This rifes with a fhrubby 
ftalk to the height of ten or twelve feet, dividing 
into feveral branches, garniffied with roundifh pointed 
leaves placed oppoflte, having many frnooth tranf- 
verfe veins running from the midrib to the borders. 
The flowers are produced at the end of the branches 
in loole clufters, which have long tubes enlarging 
gradually upward, and at the top are cut into five 
fegments, broad at their bale, but end in fharp 
points : the flower is of a yellowifh white colour. 
After the flowers are fallen, the germen become two 
leafy capfules joined at their bafe, and have two 
fwelling protuberances on each fide at the bottom, 
the middle being extended confiderably longer ; thefe 
have one cell, filled with cylindrical feeds. It flow- 
ers in Auguft, but never produces any feeds in 
England. 
The fecond fort hath an irregular fhrubby ftalk, 
which rifes about eight feet high, fending out irre- 
gular branches, garnifhed with very narrow thin leaves, 
placed oppoflte ; thefe have two ribs running longi- 
tudinally 
