CAM 
Campanula pentagonia perfoliata. Mor. Hift. i. p. 
457. Five-cornered perfoliate Bell-flower . 
5 3- Campanula ( Americana ) caule ramofo, foliis lin- 
guiformibus crenulatis margine cartilagineo. Prodi 
Leyd. 246. Bell-flower with a branching ftalk , and 
tongue-fhaped crenulated leaves with ftiflf edges. Cam- 
panula minor Americana, foliis rigidis fiore casruleo 
patulo. H. L. 107. Smaller American Bell-flower. 
14. Campanula ( Canarierjis ) foliis haftatis dentatis op- 
pofitis petiolatis, capfulis quinquelocularibus. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 168. Bell-flower with fpear-Jhaped indented 
leaves growing oppoflte , having foot-ftalks and, capfules 
with five cells. Campanula Canarienfis, atriplicis fo- 
lio, tuberosa radice. Canary Bell-flower. 
15. Campanula {Patula) foliis ftri&is, radicalibus lan- 
ceolato-ovalibus, panicula patula. Flor. Suec. 186, 
Bell-flower whofe radical leaves are oval , fp ear -fh aped , 
and fpreading flowers in panicles. Campanula efculenti 
facie, ramis & floribus patulis. Hort. Elth. 1. 68. 
16. Campanula (Cervicaria) hifpida, floribus feffilibus, 
capitulo terminali, foliis lanceolato-linearibus undu- 
latis. Lin. Sp. 235. Rough Bell-flower with feflile flowers 
terminating the ftalks, and linear , fpear-Jhaped , waved 
leaves. Campanula foliis echii. C. B. 36. 
17. Campanula ( Samtilis ) foliis obovatis crenatis, flo- 
ribus alternis nutantibus, capfulis quinquecarinatis. 
Lin. Sp. 237. Bell-flower with oval crenated leaves , 
nodding flowers placed alternate , and boat-floaped capfules 
with -five cells. Campanula Cretica faxatilis, bellidis 
folio, magno flore. Tourn. Inft. hi. 
There are feveral other fpecies of this genus, fome 
of which grow naturally in England, and others in 
the northern parts of Europe, which have but little 
beauty, therefore are feldom cultivated in gardens, 
fo I fhall not enumerate them here. There are alfo 
feveral varieties of fome of the forts here mentioned, 
which I fhall take notice of in their proper place ; 
but as they are not diftinft fpecies, they are omitted 
in the above lift. 
The firft fort hath thick tuberous roots which are 
milky ; this fends out three or four ftrong, fmooth, 
upright ftalks, which rife near four feet high, and 
are garnifhed with fmooth oblong leaves, whofe edges 
are a little indented. The lower leaves are much 
broader than thofe which adorn the ftalks. The 
flowers are produced from the fide of the ftalks, and 
are regularly fet on for more than half their length, 
forming a fort of pyramid; thefe are large, open, 
and fhaped like a bell. The moil common colour 
of the flowers is a light blue ; but there have been 
fome with white flowers,, which make a variety 
when intermixed with the blue, but the latter is moft 
efteemed. 
This plant is cultivated to adorn halls, and to place 
before the chimnies in the fummer, when it is in 
flower, for which purpofe there is no plant more 
proper ; for when the roots are ftrong, they will fend 
out four or five ftalks, which will rife as many feet 
high, and are garnilhed with flowers great part of 
their length. Thefe upright ftalks fend out fome 
fhort fide branches, which are alfo adorned with 
flowers, fo that by fpreading the upright ftalks to a 
flat frame compofed of flender laths (as is ufually 
pra&ifed) the whole plant is formed into the fhape 
of a fan, and will fpread near the width of a common 
fire-place. When the flowers begin to open, the 
pots are removed into the rooms, where, being 
fhaded from the fun, and kept from the rain, the 
flowers will continue long in beauty ; and if the pots 
are every night removed into a more airy fituation, 
but not expofed to heavy rains, the flowers will be 
fairer, and continue much longer in beauty. 
Thofe plants which are thus treated, are feldom fit 
. for the purpofe the following feafon, therefore a fup- 
ply of young plants fliould be annually raifed. The 
common method of propagating this plant, is by di- 
viding the roots. The belt time for doing this is in 
September, that the offsets may have time to get 
ftrong roots before winter. 
This method of propagating by the offsets is the 
GAM 
quickeft, therefore generally pra<ftifed, but the plants 
which are raifed from feeds; are always ftronger ; the 
ftalks will rife higher, and produce a greater number 
of flowers,^ therefore I recommend it to the practice 
of the curious ; but in order to obtain good feeds, 
there fhould be fome ftrong plants placed in a warm 
fituation, near a pale, or wall, in autumn ; and, if 
the following winter Ihould prove fevere, they ihould 
be covered either with hand-glaffes or mats, to pre- 
vent their being injured by the froft; and, in^the 
fummer, when the flowers are fully open, if the feafon 
ihould prove very wet, the flowers muft be fcreened 
from great rains, otherwife there will be no good 
feeds produced: the not obferving this, has occafioned 
many to believe that the plants do not bear feeds in 
England, which is a great miftake, for I have raifed 
great numbers of the plants from feeds of my own 
faving ; but I have always found that the plants which 
have been long propagated by offsets, feldom 
produce feeds, which is the fame with many other 
plants which are propagated by flips, or cuttings, 
which in a few years become barren. 
When the feeds are obtained, they muft be fown in 
autumn in pots, or boxes, filled with light undunged 
earth, and placed in the open air till die froft or 
hard rains come on, when they fliould be placed 
under a hot-bed frame, where they may be fheltered 
from both, but in mild weather the glalles fliould be 
drawn off every day, that they may enjoy the free 
air ; with this management the plants will come up 
early in the fpring, and then they muft be removed 
out of the frame, placing them firft in a warm fi- 
tuation ; but when the feafon becomes warm, they 
fliould be removed where they may have the morning 
fun only. During the following fummer they muft 
be kept clean from weeds, and in very dry weather, 
now and then refrefhed with water, which muft be 
given with great caution, for the roots are very fub- 
je£t to rot with too much moifture. In September 
the leaves of the plants will begin to decay, at which 
time they fhould be tranfplanted ; therefore there 
muft be one or two beds prepared, in proportion to 
the number of plants. Thefe beds muft be in a warm 
fituation, and the earth light, fandy, and without 
any mixture of dung, which laft is an enemy to this 
plant. If the fituation of the place is low, or the 
natural foil moift, the beds muft be raifed five or fix 
inches above the furface of the ground, and the na- 
tural foil removed a foot and a half deep, putting 
lime rubbifh eight or nine inches thick in the bottom 
of the trench, to drain off the moifture. When the 
beds are prepared, the plants muft be taken out of 
the pots, or cafes, very carefully, fo as not to break 
or bruife their roots, for they are very tender, and, 
on being broken, the milky juice will flow out plen- 
tifully, which will greatly weaken them. Thefe 
fhould be planted at about four inches diftance each 
way, with the head or crown of the root half ant 
inch below the furface ; if there happens a gentle 
fhower of rain foon after they are planted, it will be 
of great fervice to the plants; but as the feafon fome- 
times proves very dry at this time of the year, in 
that cafe, it will be proper to give them a gentle 
watering three or four days after they are planted, 
and to cover the beds with mats every day, to pre- 
vent the fun from drying the earth ; but thefe muft 
be taken off in the evening, that the dew may fall 
on the ground. Towards the end of Ocftober the beds 
fhould be covered over with fome old tanners bark 
to keep out the froft, and where there is not conve- 
niency of covering them with frames, they fhould 
be arched over with hoops, that in fevere frofts they 
may be covered with mats ; for thefe plants, when 
young, are often deftroyed in winter, where this care 
is wanting. In the fpring the coverings muft be re- 
moved, and the following fummer the plants muft 
be kept clean from weeds ; and, if the feafon fhould 
prove very dry, they muft now and then be refrefned 
with water. The following autumn the furface of 
the ground fhould be ftirred between the. plants, and 
