C A M 
fome frefh earth fpread over the beds, and'in the win- 
ter covered as before. In thefe beds the plants may 
remain two years, during which time they muft be 
treated in the manner before direded *, by which time 
the roots will be ftrong enough to flower : in Sep- 
tember they fhould be carefully taken up, and fome 
of the moil promifing planted in pots ; the others 
may be planted into warm borders, or in a frefh bed, 
at a greater diftance than before, to allow them room 
to grow. Thefe plants which are potted fhould be 
fheltered in winter from great rains and hard frofts, 
otherwife they will be in danger of rotting, or at leaft 
be fo weakened, as not to flower with any ftrength 
the following ilimmer •, and thofe which are planted 
in the full ground, fhould have fome old tanners bark 
laid round them, to prevent the froft from entering 
deep to the roots •, with this management thefe plants 
may be brought to the utmoft perfedion, and a con- 
ftant fucceffion of good roots raifed, which will be 
much preferable to thofe which are propagated by 
offsets. I have been informed that there is a double 
flower of this kind, but as I have not feen any, I 
can give no farther account of it. This fort is by 
Tome called Steeple Bell-flower. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in the northern parts 
of Europe, but has been long cultivated in the 
Englifh gardens ; of this there are the following va- 
rieties, viz. the Angle, blue, and white flower, which 
have been long here ; and the double flower of both 
colours, which has not been more than twenty-eight 
years in England, but has been propagated in fuch 
plenty, as to have almoft banifhed thofe with Angle 
flowers from the gardens. All thefe varieties are eafily 
propagated by parting their roots in autumn, every 
head which is then flipped off will take root •, they 
are extreme hardy, fo will thrive in any foil or fltua- 
tion, therefore are very proper furniture for the com- 
mon borders of the flower-garden. 
This hath a root compofed of many fibres, and fends 
-up an angular, or channelled ftiff ftalk, about two 
feet and a half high, garnifhed with oblong, oval, ftiff 
leaves near the root, which are placed without order ; 
but thofe on the ftalks are longer and narrower, hav- 
ing their edges flightly indented, and are of a fhining 
green. The flowers are produced towards the upper 
part of the ftalk upon fhort foot-ftalks. Thefe are 
ihaped like thofe of the former fort, but are fmaller, 
and more expanded. This flowers in June and July, 
and in cool feafons there will be fome continue great 
part of Auguft, ■ 
The third fort is a biennial" plant, which perifnes foon 
after it hath ripened feeds. It grows naturally in the 
woods of Italy and Auftria, but is cultivated in the 
Tnglifh gardens for the beauty of its flowers. Of 
this fort there are the following varieties, the blue, 
the purple, the white, the ftriped, and the double 
flowering, but the laft two are not very common in 
England. 
This hath oblong, rough, hairy leaves, which arefer- 
rated on their edges, coming out without order from 
the root ; from the center of thefe a ftiff, hairy, fur- 
rowed ftalk, arifes about two feet high, fending out 
feveral lateral branches, from the bottom upward, 
garnifhed with long, narrow, hairy leaves, fawed on 
their edges, and are placed alternately; from the 
fetting on of thefe leaves, come out the foot-ftalks 
of the flower, thofe which are on the lower part of 
the ftalk and branches being four or Ave inches long, 
-diminifhing gradually in their length upward, and 
thereby form a fort of pyramid. The flowers of 
this kind are very large, fo make a Ane appearance ; 
they come out the beginning of June, and, if the 
feafon is not very hot, will continue a month in beau- 
ty. The feeds ripen in September, and the plants 
decay foon after. 
It is propagated by feeds, which muft be fown in the 
ipring on an open bed of common earth, and when 
the plants are At to remove, they fhould be tranf- 
planted into the flower-nurfery, in beds Ax inches 
afunder, obferving to water them frequently till they 
C A M 
have taken new root ; after which they will require 
no other culture, but to keep them clean from weeds 
till the following autumn, when they fhould be tranf- 
planted into the borders of the flower-garden. As 
thefe plants decay the fecond year, there fhoyld be 
annually young ones raifed to fucceed them, 
The fourth fort hath a perennial root, which fends 
up feveral ftiff hairy ftalks, having two ribs or am 
gles. Thefe put out a few fhort fide branches, gar- 
nifhed with oblong, pointed, hairy leaves, deeply 
fawed on their edges. Toward the upper part of the 
ftalks the flowers come out alternately, upon fhort 
trifid foot-ftalks, having hairy empalements, The 
flowers are of the fhape of the former, but {barter, 
fpread more at the brim, and are pretty deeply cut 
into many acute fegments. This flowery in June, and 
the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The varieties of this are, the deep and pale blue ; the 
white with Angle flowers, and the fame colours with 
double flowers. The double forts are propagated by 
parting their roots in autumn, which mould be an- 
nually performed, otherwife the flowers are apt to de- 
generate to Angle; to prevent which, the roots fliould 
be every autumn transplanted and parted- The foil 
fliould not be too light or rich, in which they are 
lanted, for in either of thefe they will degenerate ; 
ut in a ftrong frefh loam their flowers will be in the 
greateft perfe&ion. Thefe plants are extreme hardy, 
fo may be planted in any fltuation ; thofe with Angle 
flowers do not merit a place in gardens. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in the northern parts 
of England : this hath a perennial root, compofed of 
many flefliy fibres, which abound with a milky juice, 
from which arife feveral ftrong, round, Angle ftalks, 
which never put out branches, but are garnifhed with 
oval fpear-fhaped leaves, flightly indented on their 
edges, which are placed alternately. Toward the 
upper part of the ftalk the flowers come out fingly 
upon fnort foot-ftalks ; thefe fpread open at the brim, 
where they are deeply cut into five acute fegments. 
After the flowers are paft, the empalement becomes 
a five-cornered feed-veflel, which turns downward till 
the feeds are ripe, when it rifes upward again. 
The varieties of this are, the blue, purple, and white 
flowering. This fort is eafily propagated by feeds, 
which it furnifhes in great plenty, and, if fuffered to 
fcatter, the plants will come up in as great plenty the 
following fpring ; when they may be tranfplanted into 
the nurfery till autumn, at which time they fhould be 
tranfplanted where they are deflgned to remain, As 
this fort delights in fhade, the plants may be planted 
under trees, or in fhady borders where few bet- 
ter things will thrive, they will afford an agreed- 
able variety when they are in flower. It flowers in 
June and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The flxth fort hath roundifh flefhy roots which are eata- 
ble, and are much cultivated in France for fallads, and 
fome years paft it was cultivated in the Englifh gardens 
for the fame purpofe, but is now generally neglected. 
It grows naturally in feveral parts of England, but the 
roots never grow to half the lize of thofe which are cul- 
tivated, This is propagated by feeds, which fhould 
be fown in a fhady border the latter end of May, and 
when the plants are about an inch high, the ground 
fhould be hoed, as is pradtifed for Onions, to cut up 
the weeds, and tlrin the plants to the diftance of three 
or four inches ; and when the weeds come up again, 
they muft be hoed over to deftroy them : this, if welj 
performed in dry weather, will make the ground clean 
for a confide rable time, fo that being three times re^ 
peated, it will keep the plants clean till winter, which 
is the feafon for eating the roots, when they may be 
taken up for ufe as they are wanted. Thefe will com 
tinue good till April, at which tjmq they will fend 
out their ftalks, when they will become hard and un- 
fit for ufe, as do alfo thofe roots which have flowered j 
fo that the young roots only are fuch which are fit for 
the table, therefore when the feeds are fown too 
early, the plants_ frequently run up to flower tlie fame 
year, which fpoils their roots, ' 
* Thif 
