tills fort fends out upright ftalks about: two feet high, 
. ' which are garnifhed with oblong fpear-fhaped leaves, 
placed alternately. Towards the upper part of the 
ftalk the fmall Bell-flowers are produced, Handing 
upright dole to the ftalk 5 feme of thefc flowers are 
blue, and others white *, they come out in. June and 
July, and the feeds ripen in autumn, 
ihe feventh fort grows naturally upon chalky paf- 
tures m many parts of England, where the ftalks do 
' not rife many times a foot high, and in other places 
it grows to double that height, which has occasioned 
their being taken for two diftindt plants. This hath 
a perennial root, which fends up ieveral round hairy 
ftalks, which often rife upward of two feet high ; the 
bottom leaves are broad, and ftand upon long foot- 
ftalks, and are flightly fawed on their edges. Thofe 
which are upon the ftalks are long, narrow, have no 
foot- ftalks, and are placed alternately at conftderable 
diftances. From the -wings of the leaves, towards 
the upper part of the ftalk, come out long naked 
foot-ftaiks, fupporti.ng two or three bell-fliaped flow- 
ers, clofely joined together in a head, and the main 
ftalk is terminated by a large ciufter of the fame flow- 
ers, which are fucceeded by roundifh capfules filled 
with fmall feeds. This plant is eafily propagated 
either by feeds, or parting their roots, and will thrive 
in any foil or fituation. It flowers in July, and the 
feeds ripen in autumn. 
The eighth fort is an annual plant, which rifes with 
flender ftalks a foot high, branching out, garnifhed 
, with oblong leaves ? a little curled on their edges ; 
from the wings of the leaves come out the flowers, 
fitting clofe to the ftalks, which are of a beautiful 
purple, inclining to a’ Violet-colour, divided into 
five fegments, which referable fo many leaves, and 
in the evening contract and fold into a pentagonal 
figure ; from whence it is by fome titled Viola^Pen- 
tagonia, or ' five-cornered Violet. The empalement 
which encompaffes the flower, is compofed of five, 
long, narrow, green leaves, which l'pread open, and 
are much longer than the petals of the flower •, thefe 
remain on the' top of the prilmatic feed-veflel, wliich 
is filled with fmall angular feeds. If this plant is 
fown, in autumn, it will grow much taller, and flower 
a month earlier than when the feeds are fown in the 
fpring. The autumnal plants will flower in May, 
and the fpring plants in June and July. There is. a 
variety of this with white flowers, and another with 
pale purple. 
The ninth fort is the common V enus Looking-glafs, 
which hath been long cultivated in the Englifh gar- 
dens. This fort feldom riles more than fix, inches 
high, with a ftalk branching from the bottom upward, 
garnifhed with oval leaves, fitting clofe to the ftalks, 
from the bafe of which the branches are produced, 
which are terminated by flowers very like thofe of the 
former fort. 
The tenth fort grows naturally in the fouth of France 
and Italy. This is alfo a low annual plant, which' 
feldom rifes fix inches high, but divides into many 
branches, garnifhed with fhort oval leaves, fitting 
clofe, which are deeply indented on both fides. The 
flowers are produced at the ends of the branches, 
which are fhaped like thofe of the other fort lafc men- 
tioned, but they are fmall, their colours lefs beauti- 
ful, and the leaves, of the empalement are broader. 
The eleventh fort grows naturally in Thrace, but 
hath been long in the Englifh gardens. This is alfo 
a low annual plant, which riles little more than fix 
Inches high the ftalks divide by pairs, and frequent- 
ly there antes a branch from the middle of the divi- 
fions ; the lower leaves are oblong and obtufe, but 
thofe which come out toward the end of the branches 
are much narrower, and pointed. . The flowers come 
out Angle at the end of the branches, having a long 
five-leaved empalement, and are larger than thofe of 
the three laft forts, of a fine blue colour ; the feeds 
are like" thofe of the eighth fort. 
The twelfth fort is an annual plant, which, in good 
■ ground, will rife a foot and a half high, but in poor 
land, or it where it grows wild among corn, fcartiely 
riies to the height of fix inches. The ftalk is Angle, 
rarely putting out any branches, unleis near the rOot^ 
from whence there are fornetimes one or two fliort 
lateral branches produced. 1 he leaves are roundifh, 
and embrace the ftalk at their bale-, their edges are 
fharply fawed, and from their bate comes out a clofe. 
tuft of flowers, furrounded by the leaf,, as in an em- 
palement. The flowers are five-cornered, fhaped 
fike thofe of the Venus .Looking-glafs, but are much 
fmaller; thefe are produced the whole length of the 
ftalk. The feed s are indofed in fhort capfules, which 
are fhaped like thole of the former forts. It grows in 
Italy, and alfo in Virginia. If the feeds of this fort 
are permitted to fcatter, the plants will come up with- 
out care or the feeds may be fown in the fpring, in 
the lame manner as thofe of the laft forts, and treated 
in the fame way. 
The thirteenth fort is a native of America, but has 
been long cultivated in the gardens of the curious, 
both in England and Holland. This hath many rigid 
oblong leaves coming out from the root on every 
fide, which form a fort of head like thofe of Houfe- 
leek, crenated, having a ftrong rib running on their 
border longitudinally. From the center of the plant 
proceeds the ftalk, which rifes about a foot high, 
and is thinly garnifhed with very narrow ftiff leaves, 
of a fhining green. From the wings of the leaves 
come out the foot-ftalks of the flower, which are 
from two to four inches long, each being terminated 
by one fpreading bell-fhaped flower, whole empale- 
ment is fhort, and cut into five acute fegments. The 
ftyle of this is longer than the petal, and is crowned 
by a bifid ftigma. There is a white and a blue 
flower of this fort in the gardens, but in Holland they 
have it with a double flower. This fort doth not 
produce feeds in England, fo is only propagated by 
offsets •, thefe may be taken off from the old plants in 
Auguft, that they may get good root before the cold 
weather begins : they muft be planted in fmall pots 
filled with frefh, light, loamy earth, and placed in 
the fhade until they have taken root; then they may 
be placed with other hardy exotic plants, and in au- 
tumn they muft be removed into lhelter, for in fe** 
vere winters thefe plants are often deftrbyed which 
are expofed ; though in mild winters they will live in 
the open air. It flowers in July and Auguft. 
The fourteenth fort is a native of the Canary Iflands, 
from whence it was introduced to the gardens in Eu- 
rope, where it hath been many years cultivated ; and 
of late years great numbers of the plants have been 
raifed from deeds which were brought from thence^ 
but the flowers of thefe new-raifed plants are not fo 
well coloured As thofe of the old ones. 
This hath a thick fiefhy root, which is of an irregular 
form, fometimes running downward like a Parlhep, 
at other times dividing into ieveral knobs near the 
top, and when any part of the root is broken, there 
ilfues out a milky juice at the wound. There are 
many ftrong fiefhy fibres fent out, which ft-rike deep 
into the ground, and from thefe a numerous quantity 
of fmall ones. From the head, or crown of the root, 
arife one, two, three, or more ftalks, in proportion 
to the fize of the root ; but that in the center is ge- 
nerally larger, and rites higher than the others. Thefe 
flalks are very tender, round, and of a pale green ; 
their joints are far diftant from each other, and when 
the roots are ftrong, the ftalks will rife ten feet high, 
fending out feveral fmaller fide branches. At each 
joint they are garnifhed with twp, three, or four 
fpear-fhaped leaves, with a fharp pointed beard on each 
fide. Thefc are of a fea-grCen, and, when they firft 
come out, are covered flightly with an Afh-coloured 
pounce. From the joints of the ftalk the flowers are 
produced, which are of the perfect bell-fhape, and 
hang downward ; they are of a flame colour, marked 
with ftripes of a brownifh red ; the flower is divided 
into five parts, at the bottom of each Is fituated a 
nedtarium, covered with a whre tranfparent. fkjn, 
mud refembling thofe of the Crown Imperial, but 
2 ’ are 
