I 
CAR 
©drifter as the former fort, it is called Fifti Thiftle, 
from the refemblance which the fpines have to the 
bones of fifh. 
The fourth fort grows very common on the fide of 
banks, and in wafte land in many parts of England, 
and is by fome perfons blanched and drefled as a cu- 
rious difh. This is a biennial plant, which ihould 
be fown very thin, and when the plants are come up 
fo as to be well diftinguiihed, the ground Ihould be 
hoed, to cut down all the young weeds, and the plants 
left about a foot and a half diftance ; and the following 
fummer the ground Kliould be kept clean from weeds. 
In the autumn the leaves of the plants Ihould be tied 
up, and the earth drawn up clofe to blanch them ; 
when they are properly whitened, they will be fit for 
ufe. This is a biennial plant, which periihes foon 
after the feeds are ripe. 
The fifth fort is a biennial plant, which is by fome 
cultivated for medicinal ufe, and has been fuppofed 
a remedy for fome fort of madnefs. This may be 
propagated by feeds in the fame manner as the fecond 
fort. It grows naturally in the northern parts of 
England, and flowers in June. 
The fixth fort is fiippofed to be the true Filh Thiftle 
of Theophraftus. This is a biennial plant, which 
rifes with an upright ftalk fix feet high, garnilhed 
with long fpear-ftiaped leaves, armed with triple 
fpines at every indenture on their edges ; at the top 
of the ftalks the flowers come out in clutters, which 
are of a purple colour, and are fucceeded by l'mooth, 
oval, black feeds. It grows naturally in Sicily and 
the Levant. It is propagated by feeds as the fecond 
fort, which Ihould be fown on a warm border, other- 
wife the plants will not live through the winter. It 
flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
CARDUUS BENEDICTUS. See Centau- 
RE A« 
CARDUUS FULLONUM. See Dipsacus. 
C A R I C A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 1000. Papaw, in French 
Papaie. 
The Characters are. 
It is male and female in different plants ; the flowers of 
the male have fcarce any empalement ; they are funnel- 
fhaped , and of one leaf having a long flender tube , which 
expands at the top , where it is divided into five narrow 
obiufie parts , which turn backward ; it hath ten fiamina , 
five of which are alternately longer than the other , and 
are terminated by oblong fummits. Phe female flowers 
have a fmall permanent empalement indented in five parts ; 
it hath five long fpear-fhaped petals , which are obtufe , 
and turn backward at the top ; the oval germen fupports 
five oblong blunt Jlignia , which are broad at the top , 
and crenated. Phe germen afterward becomes a large 
oblong flefhy fruit , having five 'longitudinal cells , which 
are full of fmall oval furrowed feeds , inclofedin a gluti- 
nous pulp . 
This genus of plants is ranged in the ninth ledlion 
of Linnaeus’s twenty-fecond dais, intitled Dioecia 
Decandria ; the plants of this clafs have male and fe- 
male flowers on different plants, and in this fedtion 
the male flowers have ten ftamina. 
The Species are, 
1. Carica ( Papaya ) foliorum lobis finuatis. Hort. 
Cliff. ‘46 1. Papaw with the lobes of the leaves finuated. 
Papaya fruftu Melopeponis effigie. Plum. Papaw 
with the fruit floaped like the Squafh. 
2. Carica ( Pofopofa ) foliorum lobis integris. Hort. 
Cliff. 461. Papaw with the lobes of the leaves entire. 
Papaya ramofa fructu pyriformi. Feuil. Peruv. 2. 
p. £j2. tab. 39. Branching Papaw with a P car -fh aped 
fruit'. 
There are feveral varieties of the firft fort, which 
differ in the fize and Ihape of their fruit. Plunder 
mentions three of the female or fruitful Papaw, be- 
iide the male, one of which he titles Melon-fhaped, 
and the other ftiaped like the fruit of the Gourd •, 
and I hive feen another variety in England, with a 
large, fmooth, pyramidal fruit : but thefe are fup- 
pofed to be accidental varieties, which arife from the 
feme feeds. 
CAR 
This fort rifes with a thick, fo ft, herbaceous ftenft 
to the height of eighteen or twenty feet, which is 
naked till within two or three feet of the top, and 
hath marks of the veftiges of the fallen leaves great 
part of its length ; the leaves come out on every" fide 
the ftem upon very long foot-ftalks ; thole which are 
fituated undermoft are almoft horizontal, but thole on 
the top are eredt : thefe leaves (in full grown plants) 
are very large, and divided into many parts (or lobes) 
which are deeply finuated, or cut into irregular divi- 
fions. The whole plant abounds with a milky acrid 
juice, which is efteemed good for the ringworm : 
the ftem of the plant, and alfo the foot-ftalks of the 
leaves, are hollow in the middle. The flowers of 
the male plants are produced from between the leaves 
on the upper part of the plant, on eveiy fide, which 
have foot-ftalks near two feet long, at the ends of 
which the flowers ftand in loofe clutters, each having 
a feparate ftiort foot-ftalk ; thefe are of a pure whiteg 
and have an agreeable odour. They are monopeta- 
lous, having pretty long tubes, but are cut at the 
top into five parts, which twill backward like a lerew ; 
fometimes thefe are fucceeded by fmall fruit, about 
the fize and Ihape of a Catherine Pear, which has ' 
occafioned fome to fuppofe it was a diftinct fpecies ; 
but I have frequently raifecl this, and the female or 
fruitful fort, from the fame feeds, and in general the 
male flowers fall away, without any fruit fucceeding 
them. The flowers of the female Papaw alfo come 
out between the leaves, toward the upper part of the 
plant, upon very ftiort foot-ftalks, ftngly fitting dole 
to the ftem ; they are large and bell-fhaped, com- 
pofed of fix petals, which are commonly yellow, but 
thofe of the pyramidal fort, which I before mention- 
ed, were purple : when thefe fall away, the germen 
fwells to a large flefhy fruit, the fize of a fmall Melon, 
which are of different forms ; fome are angular, and 
comprefied at both ends, others are oval and globu- 
lar, and fome pyramidal • the fruit alfo abounds with 
the fame acrid milky juice as the plants. This fruit, 
when ripe, is by the inhabitants of the Caribbee 
Elands eaten with pepper and fugar as Melons, but 
are much inferior to our moft common Melon in fla- 
vour, in its native country; but thofe which have 
ripened in England were deteftable : the only ufe I 
have made known of this fruit, was, when they were 
about half grown, to foak them in fait water, to get 
out the milky juice, and pickle them for Mangos, 
for which they have been a good fubftitute. Thefe 
plants are fuppofed to be natives of America, from 
whence they were carried to the Philippine Elands, 
and to feveral parts of India, where they are now 
pretty common. Though thefe plants have been 
fuppofed to have male flowers only in fome plants, 
and female on the other, yet I have often feen 
fmall fruit on the male plants, and have frequently 
had fruit on the female, whole feeds have grown as 
well as any I ever lowed, though no male plants 
were in the fame ftove with them. 
The fecond fort was found growing in a garden at 
Lima, by father Feuillee, and it was the only plant 
he faw of that fort in his travels. This differs from 
the other, in having a branching ftalk, the lobes or 
diviftons of the leaves being entire, and the fruit be- 
ing fhaped like a Pear, which he fays were of dif- 
ferent fizes ; that which he defigned was about eight 
inches long, and three and a half thick, yellow within 
and without, and of a fweet flavour. The flower, 
he fays, was of a Rofe colour, and divided but into 
five parts. 
Thefe plants being natives of hot countries, will not 
thrive in England, unlefs they are preferved in a warm 
ftove; where there are fuch conveniencies, of a pro- 
per height to contain the plants, they deferve a place 
as well as almoft any of the plants which are culti- 
vated for ornament ; for when they are grown to a 
large fize, they make a noble appearance with their 
ftrong upright ftems, which are garnilhed on every 
fide near the top with large ftiining leaves, fpreading 
out near three feet all round the ftem : tfye flowers 
of 
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