CAR 
CAR 
of the male fort come out in c.1 ufters on every fide ; 
and the fruit of the female growing round the folks 
between the leaves* being fo different from any thing 
of European produ&ion, may intitle them to the care 
of the curious. 1 
They are eafily propagated by feeds, which are an- 
nually brought in plenty from the Weft-Indies. Thefe 
fhould be fown in a hot-bed early in the ipring, that 
the plants may obtain ftrength before the autumn : 
when the plants are near two inches high, they fhould 
be each tranfplanted into a feparate fmall pot filled 
with a light, gentle, loamy foil, and plunged into a 
hot-bed of tanners bark, carefully fhading them from 
the fun till they have taken root ; after which they 
muft be treated in the fame manner as other tender 
plants from the fame country ; but as thefe plants 
have foft herbaceous ftalks, and abound with a milky 
juice, they muft not have too much water, for they 
are frequently killed with moifture. ft here fhould 
alfo be great care taken when thefe plants are ftiifted 
from fmall pots into larger, to preferve the whole ball 
of earth to their roots •, for whenever they are left 
bare, they rarely furvive it. As the plants advance 
in their growth, they will require larger pots, and 
when they are too tall to remain under frames, they 
muft be placed in the tan-bed of the bark-ftove, where 
they fhould conftantly remain, being careful not to 
give them much water, efpecially during the winter 
feafon ; and in fummer their waterings fhould be often 
repeated, but given in fmall quantities. With this 
management I have raifed plants near twenty feet 
high in three years, which have produced their flow- 
ers and fruit in great perfection. 
CARL IN A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 836. The Carline 
Thiftle. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a compound flower , made up of many hermaphro- 
dite florets , which are fruitful thefe are included in a 
common , fwollen , fcaly empalement ■, the inner fcales are 
long, and placed in a circular order . ' The flowers are fun- 
nelfhaped , having a narrow tube , but are bell-Jhaped 
above , and cut into five parts at the brim •, thefe have 
each five Jhort harry ftamina , terminated by cylindrical 
fummits. In the center is fituated a Jhort germen crowned 
with down, fupporting a Jlender ftyle the length of the fta- 
mina , crowned with an oblong bifid ftigma. 'The germen 
afterward becomes a fingle taper feed , crowned with a 
branching plumofe down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Poly- 
gamia asqualis, the flowers being compofed of only 
hermaphrodite florets which are fruitful, whofe fum- 
mits are connected, and form a tube. 
The Species are, 
1. Carlina ( Vulgaris ) caule multifloro corymbofo, fio- 
ribus terminalibus calycibus radio albis. Hort. Cliff. 
395. Carline Thiftle with many flowers in a corymbus , 
which terminate the ftalk , having white rays to the em- 
palement. Carlina fylveftris vulgaris. Cluf. Hift. 2. 
p. 155. Common wild Carline Thiftle. 
2. Carlina ( Racemofa ) floribus leftilibus, lateralibus 
pauciffimis. Sauv. Meth. 293. Car line Thiftle with a 
few flowers growing clofe to the fide of the ftalk. Car- 
lina fylveftris minor Hifpanica. Cluf. Hift. 2. p. 157. 
Small wild Spanijh Car line Thiftle. 
3. Carlina ( Acaulis ) caule unifloro flore breviore. Hort. 
Cliff. 395. Carline Thiftle with one Jhorter flower on each 
ftalk. Carlina acaulos magno flore albo. C. B. P. 
38°. 
4. Carlina ( Lanata ) caule multifloro lanato, calycibus 
radio purpureis. Lin. Sp. 1160. Carline Thiftle with 
many downy flowers on a ftalk , which have purple rays to 
their empalement. Acarna flore purpureo rubente pa- 
tulo. C. B. P. 372. 
5. Carlina ( Corymb of a ) caule multifloro fubdivifo, flo- 
ribus feftilibus calycibus radio flavis. ProdvLeyd. 
135. Carline Thiftle with many flowers on a ftalk , which 
is fuh divided, the flowers fit clofe on the ftalks, and have 
yellow rays to their empalement. Acarna apula umbella- 
ta. Colum. Ecphr. 27, 
The firft fort grows naturally upon fterile ground m 
moft parts of England, fo is rarely admitted into gar- 
dens. The others are often preferred in botanic gar- 
dens for the fake of variety. They grow naturally in 
the fouth of France, Spain, and Italy. 
They may all be propagated by fowing their feeds in 
the fpring on a bed of frefh undunged earth, where 
they are defigned to remain for, as they fend forth 
tap roots, they will not bear tranfplanting fo well as 
moft other plants. When the plants appear above 
ground, they fhould be carefully weeded ; and, as 
they grow in fize, they fhould be thinned, where 
they are too clofe, leaving them about ten inches or 
a foot afunder. The fecond year moft of thefe plants 
will flower ; but, unlefs the fummer proves dry, they 
rarely produce good feeds in England, and moft of 
them decay foon after they have flowered, therefore 
it is pretty difficult to maintain thefe plants in this 
country. 
CARNATION. See Dianthus. 
CARPESHJM. Lin. Gen. 948. Nodding Star- 
wort. 
The Characters are. 
It hath an imbricated empalement, the outer leaves are 
larger , fpreading , and reftexed, the inner are Jhorter and 
equal : the flower is equal and compounded the herma- 
phrodite florets are funnel-Jh aped, opening at the top in 
five parts thefe compofe the dijk. The female florets are 
tubulous, quinquefid, clofng together, which compofe the 
border. The hermaphrodite florets have five flcort ftami- 
na, crowned by cylindrical fummits, and an oblong ger- 
men, with a fingle ftalk, crowned by a bifid ftigma * the 
female florets have the like , and both are fucceeded by oval 
naked feeds inch fed in the empalement . 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond order of 
Linnreus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Po- 
lvgamia fuperflua, the flowers being compofed of fe- 
male and hermaphrodite florets, which are both 
fruitful. 
The Species are, 
1. Carpesium ( Cernuum ) floribus terminalibus. Lin. 
Sp. 1203. Nodding St armor t whofe flowers terminate 
the ftalks. After Cernuus. Col. Ecphr. 1. p. 251. 
2. Carpesium ( Abrotanoides ) floribus lateralibus. Ofb. 
It. tab. 10. Nodding Starwort whofe flowers come from 
the fide of the ftalks. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Italy. It is a bien- 
nial plant, whofe lower leaves are obtufe, woolly, 
and foft to the touch. The flower-ftalk rifes from 
the center of the plant near a foot and a half high, 
branching toward the top, and garnifhed with leaves 
of the fame form with thofe at bottom, but fmaller : 
each of the branches are terminated by one pretty 
large flower of an herbaceous yellow colour, nodding 
on one fide the ftalk j thefe are compofed of female 
florets which compofe the border, and hermaphro- 
dite florets which compofe the dilk, both which are 
fucceeded by oval naked feeds. This flowers in July, 
and the feeds ripen in September. 
The plant is eafily propagated by feeds, which may 
be fown on a bed of light earth in the ipring, and 
when the plants come up, if they are thinned and 
kept clean from weeds, they will require no other 
culture. The fecond year they will flow r er and pro- 
duce feeds, foon after which the plants decay. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in China, and at 
prefentis rare in England. This hath a hard branch- 
ing ftalk, garniihed with broad fpear-fhaped leaves 
flightly crenated on the edges : the flowers are thinly 
fcattered on the fide of the ftalks and branches, where 
they fit very clofe, nodding downward •, their em- 
palements are compofed of many fmall leaves which 
fpread open, and inclofe a great number of florets. 
This may be propagated by feeds, which fhould be 
fown on a hot-bed in the fpring, and when the plants 
are fit to remove, they fhould be each planted in a 
fingle pot •, and when the weather becomes warm, 
they may be expofed, but in autumn they muft be 
houfed, 
CARPI- 
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