CAR 
foiid, channelled ftalks, about two feet high, gar- 
nifhed with winged leaves, having long naked foot- 
ftalks, and many fmall wings placed oppofite on the 
midrib, which are compofed of many narrow, ‘ little, 
plain leaves, ending in leveral points. The ftalks 
divide upward into leveral fmaller branches, each of 
which is terminated by an umbel, compofed of fix or 
eight fmall feparate umbels or rays, which divide in- 
to feveral fmall foot-ftalks, each fuftaining a fingle 
white flower, with five heart-fhaped petals ; the 
flowers of thefc final! umbels are clofely joined toge- 
ther. After the flowers are decayed, the germen be- 
comes an oblong channelled fruit, compofed of two 
oblong channelled feeds, plain on one fide, but con- 
vex on the other. It flowers in June, and the feeds 
ripen in autumn. 
The beft feafonfor fowing the feeds of this plant is 
in autumn, foon after they are ripe, when they will 
more certainly grow, than thofe fown in the fpring ; 
and the plants which rife in the autumn, generally 
flower the following feafon, fo that a fummer’s growth 
is hereby faved. When the plants come up, the 
ground fhould be hoed to deftroy the weeds ; and 
where the plants are too clofe, they muft be thinned 
in the fame manner as is practifed for Carrots, leaving 
them three or four inches apart. In the following 
fpring they will require to be twice more hoed, which 
will keep the ground clean till the feeds are ripe ; then 
the ftalks muft be pulled up, and tied in bundles, 
fetting them upright to dry, when the feeds may be 
threfhed out for ufe. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Spain : the feeds 
of this were lent me from the royal garden at Paris. 
This plant rifes with a ftronger ftalkthan the former, 
which leldom grows more than a foot and a half high, 
but is clofely garnifhed with fine narrow leaves like 
thofe of Dill ; the ftalks divide upward into many 
branches, each being terminated by loofe umbels of 
white flowers, which are fucceeded by large broad 
feeds, having the fame aromatic flavour as the com- 
mon fort. This is a biennial plant, and may be treated 
in the fame manner as the former. 
CARYOPHYLLATA. See Geum. 
CARYOPHYLLUS. Lin. Gen. 594. Caryo- 
phyllus aromaticus. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 661. tab. 432. 
The Clove-tree , or All-fpice. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a double empalement , that of the flower is of one 
leaf, cut into four obtufe parts , upon which the germen 
is fituated-, the fruit hath another empalement, which is 
flnall, and ' fightly divided into four parts, which are per- 
manent. The flower hath four blunt petals, which are 
fituated oppofite to the inciffures of the empalement. It hath 
many finmina, which rife from the fldes of the empale- 
ment, terminated by roundijh fummits. The germen is 
fituated under the flower, and is crowned by the fmall em- 
palement, fupporting a fingle upright flyle, crowned by an 
cbtufe fiigma. The germen afterward becomes a foft ber- 
ry with two cells , each containing a fingle kidney-fhaped 
feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s thirteenth clafs, intitled Polyandria Mo- 
nogynia, the flower having many ftamina and but 
one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Caryophyllus ( Aromaticus 1 foliis ovato-lanceolatis 
oppofltis, floribus terminalibus, ftaminibus corolla 
longioribus. The Clove-tree with oval fpear-Jhaped leaves 
growing oppofite, and flowers terminating the ftalks, 
whofe ftamina are longer than the petals. Caryophyllus 
aromaticus frudtu oblongo. C. B. P. 410. Aromatic 
Clove with an oblong fruit. 
2. Caryophyllus ( Pimento ) foliis lanceolatis oppofltis, 
floribus racemofis terminalibus, & axillaribus. Clove- 
tree with fpear-floaped leaves growing oppofite, and flow- 
ers growing in lunches at the ends of the branches, and 
wings of the leaves. Myrtus arborea aromatica foliis 
laurinis. Sloan. Cat. 161. The Pimento, or All- 
fpice. ■ 
3. Caryophyllus (Fruticofus) foliis lanceolatis oppoft- 
C A R 
tis, floribus geminatis alaribus. Brown. Hi ft. Jam, 
248. Clove-tree with fpear-fhaped leaves placed oppo- 
fite, and flowers growing by pairs from the fldes of the 
ftalks. J 
4. Caryophyllus (Cotinifolia) foliis ovatis obtufis op- 
pofltis, floribus iparfis alaribus. Clove-tree with oval 
blunt leaves placed oppofite , and flowers growing thinly 
from the fldes of the branches. Myrtus cotini folio. 
Plum. Cat. 19. Myrtle with a leaf of Venice Sumach. 
5. Caryophyllus {Racemofis) foliis oblongo-ovatis, 
emarginatis, ridigis, glabris, floribus racemofis ter- 
minalibus. Clove-tree with oblong oval leaves, which 
are ftiff, fmooth, and indented at the edges, and flowers 
growing in branches terminating the ftalk. 
The firft fott grows naturally in the Moluccas, and 
the hotteft parts of the world, where it rifes to the 
height of a common Apple-tree ; but the trunk ge- 
nerally divides at about four or five feet from the 
ground into three or four large limbs, which grow 
ereft, and are covered with a thin fmooth bark, 
which adheres clofely to the wood. Thefe limbs di- 
vide into many fmall branches, which form a fort of 
conical figure the leaves are like thofe of the Bay- 
tree, and are placed oppofite on the branches. The 
flowers are produced in loofe bunches at the end of 
the branches, which are fmall, white, and have a 
great number of ftamina, which are much longer 
than the petals. The flowers are fucceeded by oval 
berries, which are crowned with the empalement, di- 
vided into four parts, which fpreacl flat on the top 
of the fruit, in which form they are brought to Eu- 
rope ; for it is the young fruit beaten from the trees 
before they are half grown, which are the Cloves ufed 
all over Europe. 
I have not heard of any plants of this kind being in 
the gardens, either in England or Plolland, but I 
chofe to mention it here, to introduce the other. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in Jamaica, but par- 
ticularly on the north fide of that ifland, where it is 
found in great plenty, and is a confiderable branch 
of their trade j the unripe fruit dried, being the All- 
fpice fo well known in Europe. It is now cultivated 
with care in many of the plantations, for the trees 
will thrive upon fhallow rocky land, which is unfit 
for the Sugar-cane ; fo that a great advantage arifes to 
the planters from thofe lands, which would otherwife 
be of fmall account to them. 
This tree grows to the height of thirty feet or more, 
with a ftrait trunk, covered with a fmooth brown 
bark, dividing upward into many branches which 
come out oppofite, garniftied with oblong leaves, 
refembling thofe of the Bay-tree in form, colour, and 
texture, but are longer, and are placed by pairs : 
when thefe are bruifed or broken, they have a very 
fine aromatic odour like that of the fruit. The 
branches grow very regular, fo that the trees make a 
fine appearance, and as they retain their leaves 
through the year, the trees are worthy of being pro- 
pagated for ornament and fhade about the habitations 
of the planters. The flowers are produced in large 
loofe bunches from the fide of the branches, towards 
their ends, each branch is alfo terminated by a larger 
bunch than the other ; the flowers are fmall, and of 
an herbaceous colour ; they are male and female upon 
diftindt trees. I was favoured with fine famples of 
both, and alfo a particular account of the trees, by 
William Williams, Efq-, of St. Anne’s, on the north 
fide of Jamaica, who has the greateft number of thefe 
trees on his plantation of any perfon in that ifland. 
The male flowers have very fmall petals, and a great 
number of ftamina in each, which are of the fame 
colour with the petals, terminated by oval bifid fum- 
mits ; the female flowers have no ftamina, but an 
oval germen, fituated below the flower, fupporting 
a flender ftyle, with a blunt ftigma at the top. The 
germen afterward becomes a globular pulpy berry, 
including two kidney-jfhaped feeds. The ufual fea- 
fon when thefe trees flower, is in June, July, and 
Auguft. * - 
When 
