CAR 
When the fruit of thefe trees are defigned for ufe, 
they are gathered, or beaten down from the trees a 
little before they arrive to their full fize, and are fe- 
parated from leaves, ftalks, or any rubbilh which 
may have accidentally mixed with them ; then the 
fruit is expofed every day to the fun, fpread on cloths 
for ten or twelve days to dry, but removed under co- 
ver every evening to fcreen it from the dews ; when 
the fruit is perfectly dry, it is packed up for expor- 
tation. If the fruit is permitted to grow to maturity, 
the pulp, which furrounds the feeds, is fo full of 
moifture, and is fo glutinous, as to flick to the fin- 
gers of thofe who bruife them, therefore are unfit for 
thofe ufes to which the dried fruit are applied. 
It is called by fome Jamaica Pepper, but the rnoft 
general appellation is All-fpice, from its relifh and 
favour, partaking of many other fpices, and is de- 
fervedly accounted one of the bell ; and if it was as 
fcarce and difficult to procure as thofe fpices in the 
eaft, would be much more fought after and eileemed : 
our neighbours the Dutch, who have engrofied the 
fpice trade to themfelves, have alfo been artful enough 
to deceive us with this of our production, by purchal- 
ing the dried fruit of the All-fpice in England at a low 
price, and grinding it to a powder, then felling it 
to us at an advanced price for powder of Cloves. 
This I have been credibly informed of, by an eminent 
merchant, through whole hands great quantities of 
this commodity have pafled. 
The Dutch have alfo drawn an oil from the fruit of 
this tree, which they vend for oil of Cloves. I had 
afmall phial of this oil fent me from Jamaica, which 
was lliewn to fome of the bell judges of drugs in 
London, who tried many experiments with it, and 
declared they thought it as good oil of Cloves as they 
had feen. 
As there is fo great an affinity between this tree and 
the true Clove, it might be worthy of trial, if the 
fruit when firft formed, or the flowers were beaten 
down from the q*ees, and dried in the fame manner 
as the eaftern Cloves, might not anfwer the fame pur- 
pofe ; or, at leaft, it would be a good fuccedaneum 
for that fpice ; and as it is the production of our own 
colonies, fliould have proper encouragement. 
This tree is propagated by feeds, which in the natu- 
ral place of its growth is conveyed, and fown by 
birds, to a great difiance •, and, it is very probable, 
the feeds palling through them, are rendered fitter for 
vegetation, than thofe which are immediately gathered 
from the tree ; for I have received great quantities of 
the berries from the gentleman before-mentioned, 
which were perfectly ripe and frefh, great part of 
which I fowed in different ways, and communicated 
fome of them to feveral other curious perfons, who 
did the fame, but none of them have yet fucceeded ; 
and upon informing my friend Mr. Williams of this, 
he told me that a friend of his, whofe plantation was 
on the fouth fide of Jamaica, defired him to fave a 
large quantity of the ripe berries for him to low on 
his plantation, which he accordingly did, but his 
friend forgot to fend for them till near two years af- 
ter ; during which time, they had lain in a large heap, 
and had fermented, and, on lowing thofe berries, the 
plants came up with the firft rains in great abundance ; 
lb that it may be of great fervice to thefe feeds, either 
to pafs through animal bodies, or to be fermented 
before they are fown. 
The plants cannot be preferved in England unlefs 
they are placed in a Hove during the winter feafon, 
but they will thrive in a moderate degree of warmth : 
they fnould be planted in a foft light foil, and in win- 
ter muft have but little water. In the ftimmer they 
Ihould have a large fiiare of air, and in July, if the 
feafon proves warm, they may be placed in the open 
air, in a warm flickered fituation ; but upon the ap- 
proach of cold nights, they muft be removed into 
the ftove again. The expofing of thefe plants to the 
open air for one month only, will be of great fervice 
to clean their leaves from infeCts or filth, which they 
are fubjeCt to contract, by remaining long in the 
CAR 
ftove ; but if the feafon fhr.uk! prove very wet of 
cold, it will not be fafe to trufc thefe plants long 
abroad ; therefore their leaves ihould be now and then 
wafiied with a fponge to clean them, which will not 
only render them more lightly, but alfo promote 
their growth. This tree is pretty difficult to propa- 
gate in England, where the feeds do not ripen *, the 
only method in which this has been done, is by lay- 
ing down the young branches, flitting them at a. joint 
in the fame manner as is praCf led in making layers of 
Carnations. If this is carefully performed, and the 
layers are regularly but gently watered, they will 
put out roots in one year ; then they rnay be care- 
fully feparated from the old plants, and each planted 
in a fmall pot filled with light earth, and plunged 
into the tan-bed, either in the ftove or under a frame, 
being careful to fhade them until they have taken 
new root, after which they may be treated as the older 
plants. This plant, being an Evergreen,' makes a 
fine appearance in the ftove at all feafons of the year ; 
and their leaves having fuc.h an agreeable fragrancy 
when rubbed, render them as worthy of a place in 
the ftove, as any other tender exotic plant which is 
preferved for ornament. 
The third fort grows naturally in Jamaica, from 
whence I received it fome years paft. This rifes with 
a divided trunk to the height of eight or ten feet, 
fending out many branches, which are placed oppo- 
fite, covered with a grey bark ; the leaves come out 
oppofite, which are fhorter and rounder at their points 
than thofe of the laft fpecies ; they are alfo fmoother, 
and of a firmer texture. The flowers come out from 
the fide of the branches between the leaves, upon 
(lender foot-ftalks, about an inch in length, two ge- 
nerally arifing from the fame point : thefe are fuc- 
ceeded by round berries, of a brighter colour than 
thofe of the former, having the empalement on their 
crowns. The leaves and fruit of this fort have no 
aromatic flavour, fo are not of ufe, but the charac- 
ters of the flower and fruit are the fame as in the 
other fort. 
This tree retains its leaves all the year, which being 
of a fplendent green, make a very good appearance, 
when it is intermixed with other exotic plants in the 
ftove ; but the flowers being fmall, and growing 
thinly upon the branches, do not make any great fi- 
gure, fo it is only preferved for the beauty of its fo- 
liage. It is propagated by feeds, and requires the 
fame treatment as the other fort. 
The fourth fort was fent me by the late Mr. Robert 
Millar, furgeon, from Carthagena in New Spain : 
this rifes with many irregular items about twelve or 
fourteen feet high, covered with an Afli-coloured 
bark, dividing into many branches upward: thefe 
are garnifhed with ftiff oval leaves, placed oppofite. 
The flowers are produced from the fide of the 
branches, fometimes four, five, or fix foot-ftalks 
arife from the fame point at other times, they come 
out Angle, or perhaps by pairs : thefe are white, and 
of the fame fhape with thofe of the fecond fort, and 
are fucceeded by berries which are rounder, and, for 
the moft parti, contain but one kidney-fhaped feed. 
This fort agrees with the fecond in its general cha- 
racters, but not in the virtues, for it hath none of the 
aromatic flavour, with which that abounds ; but as, 
it retains its leaves through the year, may merit a 
place in the ftove, better than many other plants 
which are preferved by the curious. This is propa- 
gated by feeds, in the fame way as the fecond fort, 
and the plants muft be treated in the fame manner as 
thofe. 
The fifth fort was fent me from the ifiand of Ber- 
buda, where it rifes to the height of twenty feet 
the trunk and branches are covered with a fmooth 
brown bark. The branches come out by pairs j they 
grow erect, and are garnifhed with very ftiff, fmooth, 
lucid leaves, which are placed oppofite, and have 
very fhort foot-ftalks. The leaves vary much in 
their form •, fome of them are oval, others oblong, 
and fome are indented fo deeply at their ends, as to 
D d d be 
