CAS 
water ; then remove thefe pots into flicker during 
the winter feafon, and in the March following put 
them upon a freffi hot-bed, which will forward the 
feeds in their vegetation. 
When the plants are come up, they fhould, by de- 
grees, be expofed to the open air, in order to inure 
them to our climate ; yet they fhould not be expoled 
to the open fun at firft, but rather let them have the 
morning fun only, placing them for feme time where 
they may be fheltered from cold winds ; they fhould 
enjoy a fhelter during the two or three firft winters, 
after which the Caffioberry Bufh may be planted 
abroad; but the South-Sea Thea fhould be kept in 
pots a year or two longer, being flower of growth, 
and will therefore not have ftrength enough to refill 
the cold when young. 
The third fort has been but few years introduced to 
the Englifh gardens ; this rifes eight or ten feet high, 
fending out branches from the root to the top, gar- 
nifhed with oval, fmooth, entire leaves placed op- 
pofite, whofe foot-ftalks are drawn toward each other, 
whereby the leaves turn upward ; the flowers come 
out from the wings of the leaves thinly, they are 
white, and of the fame fhape with thofe of the other 
forts, but are not fucceeded by berries in England. 
This is propagated by feeds as the other forts, or by 
laying down the branches in the fpring, which if 
carefully performed will take root in one year; when 
they may be cut from the old plant, and put into 
fmall pots, and placed in the fnade till they have 
taken new root ; afterward they may be expofed in 
fummer, but in autumn they muft be removed into 
fhelter. 
The Paraguay, or South-Sea Thea, is accounted by 
the Indians very wholefome, and (as I have been in- 
formed by feveral worthy perfons, who reflded for 
feveral years in Carolina) is the only phyfic the In- 
dians ufe; and for which, at certain times of the year, 
they come in droves, fome hundred miles diftant, for 
the leaves of this tree (it not being known to grow 
at any conflderable diftance from the fea;) where 
their ufual cuftom is, to make a fire upon the ground, 
and, putting a great kettle of water thereon, they 
throw into it a large quantity of thefe leaves, 'and 
immediately fet themfelves round the fire, and, with 
a bowl that holds about a pint, they begin drinking 
large draughts, which in a very fhort time vomits 
them feverely ; thus they continue drinking and vo- 
miting, for the fpace of two or three days, until they 
have fufficiently cleanfed themfelves ; then they gather 
every one a bundle of the fhrub to carry away with 
them, and retire to their habitations. But thefe 
gentlemen obferved fomething very extraordinary in 
the operation of this plant, which was, that in vo- 
miting it gave them no uneafinefs, or pain, but 
came away in a full ftream from their mouths, with- 
out fo much as declining their heads, or the leak 
reaching. 
This plant is generally fuppofed to be the fame as 
that which grows in Paraguay, where the jefuits of 
that country make a great revenue of the leaves, 
which they export to feveral other countries, where 
it is infufed and drank like tea; indeed, there are 
fome perfons who doubt its being the fame ; which 
will be pretty difficult to determine, fince there is 
fo little converfe between the inhabitants of Paraguay 
and thofe in Europe ; and all the leaves of that tea, 
which have been brought to Europe, have been ge- 
nerally fo broken and defaced, as to render it almoft 
impoflibie to know their true figure ; however, from 
fome of the faireft leaves, which were picked out of 
the Paraguay Tea by a perfon of fkill, who compared 
them with thofe of the Yapon, he had great reafon 
to believe they were the fame ; and as the virtues 
attributed to the Yapon are nearly, if not abfolutely, 
the fame with thofe of the Paraguay, the Indians of 
thefe northern parts of America making the fame ufe 
of it as the inhabitants of the fouth parts of America 
do, viz. to reftore loft appetites, and they fay 'it gives 
them courage and agility, for which purpofes it has 
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been in life time out of mind : we may alio obfervA, 
that the place of its growth in the north, is the fam# 
latitude as Paraguay is fouth ; fo I final! beg leave to 
infert -the account given of the Paraguay Tea by 
Monf. Frezier, who travelled through great part of 
New Spain, by exprefs order of the king of France. 
In South Carolina theplant is called Caffena, or South- 
Sea Tea: the inhabitants of that country do not 
make fo great ufe of this Tea, as thofe of Virginia 
and North Carolina; in the laft of which, the white 
people have it in as great efteem as the Indians, and- 
make as conftant ufe of it. 
Monfieur Frezier alfo fays, that the Spaniards who 
live near the gold mines in Peru, are obliged fre- 
quently to drink of the herb Paraguay or Mate, to 
moiften their breaks, without which, they are liable 
to a fort of fuffocation, from the ft-rong exhalations 
which are continually coming from the mines. 
The fame author alfo adds, that the inhabitants of 
Lima, during the day-time, make much ufe of the 
herb Paraguay, which fome call St. Bartholomew’s 
Elerb, who, they pretend, came into thofe provinces, 
where he made it wholefome and beneficial ; whereas, 
before it was venomous ; this, he fays, is brought to 
Lima dry, and almoft in powder. 
Inftead of drinking the tinfture or infufion apart, as 
we drink tea, they put the herb into a cup or bowl 
made of a calabaffi tipped with filver, which they 
call mate ; they add fugar, and pour the hot water 
upon it, which they drink immediately, without giving 
it time to infufe, becaufe it turns black as ink. To 
avoid fwallowing the herb, which fwims at the top, 
they make ufe of a filver pipe, at the end whereof is 
a bowl full of little holes ; fo that the liquor fucked 
in at the other end, is clear from the herb. They 
drink round with the fame pipe* pouring hot water 
on the fame herb, as it is drunk off. Inftead of a 
pipe, which they call bombilla, fome part the herb 
with a filver feparator, called apartador, full of little 
holes. The reludlancy which the French have fttewn 
to drink after all forts of people, in a country where 
many have the venereal difeafe, has occafioned the in- 
venting the ufe of little glafs pipes, whicli they begin 
to ufe at Lima. This liquor, he fays, in his opinion, 
is better than tea ; it has a flavour of the herb, which 
is agreeable enough : the people of the country are; 
fo ufed to it, that even the pooreft drink it once a 
day, when they rife in the morning. 
TJie trade for this herb, (he fays,) is carried on at 
Santa Fe, whether it is brought up the river of Plate. 
There are two forts of it; the one called Yerba de 
Palos ; and the other, which is finer, and of more 
virtue, Yerba de Camini ; the laft is brought from 
the lands belonging to the jefuits. The great con- 
fumption of it is between La Paz and Cufco, where it 
is worth half as much more as the other, which is 
fent from Potoft to La Paz. There come yearly from 
Paraguay into Peru about fifty thoufand arrovas, 
twelve thoufand hundred weight of both forts, where- 
of at leak one third is of the Camini, without reck- 
oning twenty-five thoufand arrovas of that of Palos 
for Chili. They pay for each parcel, containing fix 
or feven arrovas, four royals for the duty called al- 
cavala (being a rate upon all goods fold ;) which, 
with the charge of carriage, being above fix hundred 
leagues, doubles the firft prices, which is about two 
'pieces of eight ; fo that at Potofi 'it comes to about 
five pieces of eight the arrova. The carriage is com- 
monly by carts, which carry an hundred and fifty 
arrovas from Santa Fe to Jujuy, the laft town of the 
province of Tucuman ; and from .thence to Potofi, 
which is an hundred leagues farther, it is carried on 
mules. 
What this curious author has obferved, on there being 
two forts of this herb, may very well agree with the 
two laft forts mentioned, fince both of them are ge- 
nerally fuppofed to .agree in their qualities, though 
one. is much preferable to the other; therefore I 
imagine the Yerba de Camini, is what we call Para- 
guay or South-Sea Thea ; and Yerba de Palos to be 
our 
